Related references
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Norberto Perico et al.
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Summary: This study investigated a patient who developed persistent skin lesions for over 3 months following vaccination with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. The results showed that the lesions were caused by VZV infection, and the vaccine-encoded spike protein was found in the affected skin. The discussion suggested that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines may induce persistent VZV reactivation by disrupting the immune system. Further investigation into the role of spike protein is needed.
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Gilbert T. Chua et al.
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Summary: Autoimmune manifestations have been reported in response to certain COVID-19 vaccines, but it is still unclear whether there is a causal relationship. These reports can help guide the clinical assessment and management of autoimmune manifestations after vaccination.
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Summary: According to an active surveillance program by the Israeli Ministry of Health, the risk of myocarditis in adolescents within 21 days after receiving the first and second dose of BNT162b2 vaccine is higher among male recipients and lower among female recipients.
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FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
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Daniel Marrama et al.
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Daniel Kiblboeck et al.
Summary: The European Medicine Agency reported a case series of suspected acute myocarditis following mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. Endomyocardial biopsies were found to be crucial in establishing a correct diagnosis of myocarditis. Despite rare severe adverse events, the value of COVID-19 immunization for the global community should not be undermined.
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Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Daniel Petrovszki et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the barrier penetration of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in model systems of human organs highly exposed to the infection. The findings showed that the spike protein effectively crossed the human brain endothelial cell barrier and had a lower passage through the intestinal barrier cell layer. These results provide a basis for further research on the mechanism and consequences of spike protein penetration across the blood-brain barrier to the brain.
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Hematology
Jacob Appelbaum et al.
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Immunology
Can Li et al.
Summary: Inadvertent intravenous injection of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines may induce myopericarditis in mice. Withdrawal of syringe plunger to exclude blood aspiration may reduce this risk.
CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Alana F. Ogata et al.
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CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES
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Immunology
Chun-Yan Cheng et al.
Summary: Many systemic immune-mediated diseases can cause myocarditis with varying histopathological and clinical features. This review aims to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and prognosis of myocarditis associated with these diseases.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
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Jan Damoiseaux et al.
Summary: There is a causal relationship between infections and autoimmune diseases, and the SARS-CoV-2 virus may induce autoimmunity and autoimmune diseases. Pre-existing autoimmunity can also lead to life-threatening diseases.
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Luis J. Jara et al.
Summary: Around 60% of the global population has been vaccinated against SARS-CoV-2, leading to a significant reduction in the impact of the pandemic and the resumption of social and economic activities. Studies have shown that the vaccines are effective and safe in various populations, including those with risk factors or immunocompromised individuals. While a minority of people may experience adverse events, including autoimmune syndromes, the exact mechanisms for their development are still being studied. Rheumatologists need to be vigilant in monitoring these autoimmune syndromes and investigating their relationship to vaccination timing.
CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY
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Medicine, Research & Experimental
John D. Imig
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus's S protein has been found to potentially cause damage to multiple organs through binding to receptors, particularly affecting human cardiac pericytes. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the S protein's impact on pericytes in various organs and explore the efficacy of CD147 receptor-blocking therapies in reducing organ damage.
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Stephanie Seneff et al.
Summary: This study provides evidence that mRNA vaccines may have adverse effects on human health, including impairment of interferon signaling system and potential links to other diseases. The study calls for a comprehensive risk/benefit assessment of mRNA vaccines.
FOOD AND CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY
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Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Onyedika J. Ilonze et al.
Summary: The clinical course and outcomes of myocarditis after COVID-19 vaccination vary. Retrospective data collection on 238 patients diagnosed with myocarditis within 60 days of mRNA vaccination showed that females presented at older ages and patients over 20 years old had a longer duration from vaccination to symptoms.
HEART FAILURE REVIEWS
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Endocrinology & Metabolism
Ying Jie Chee et al.
Summary: This article reports a series of patients who developed new-onset or relapse of Graves' disease-related hyperthyroidism shortly after receiving the SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. The majority of the patients were female and most were able to receive the second dose of the vaccine without exacerbating their condition. Additionally, 21 other similar cases were reported internationally. The study suggests that clinicians should be vigilant of autoimmune thyroid disorders being precipitated or exacerbated in predisposed individuals after exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Further epidemiological and mechanistic studies are needed to understand the possible associations between SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and the development of thyroid autoimmunity.
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Gastroenterology & Hepatology
Tobias Boettler et al.
Summary: This case report highlights the occurrence of autoimmune hepatitis episodes following COVID-19 vaccination in a patient with distinctive T cell-dominant immune-mediated hepatitis. Liver tissue analysis revealed an immune infiltrate with activated cytotoxic CD8 T cells predominantly distributed, indicating a unique pathomechanism associated with vaccination-induced antigens.
JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY
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Jenna Schauer et al.
Summary: This study describes the evolution of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings in 16 patients aged 12-17 years with myopericarditis after receiving the second dose of the Pfizer mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. While all patients showed rapid clinical improvement, many had persistent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging findings at 3- to 8-month follow-up.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS
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Infectious Diseases
Susana Monge et al.
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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2022)
Letter
Immunology
P. Polykretis
SCANDINAVIAN JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christopher L. F. Sun et al.
Summary: This study aimed to evaluate the association between COVID-19 infection and vaccination rates with the number of EMS calls for cardiac arrest and acute coronary syndrome in the 16-39-year-old population. The findings showed a significant correlation between vaccination rates and emergency call counts, but not with COVID-19 infection rates. The results raise concerns about vaccine-induced undetected cardiovascular side-effects and highlight the established causal relationship between vaccines and myocarditis.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
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Multidisciplinary Sciences
Wai Sing Chan et al.
Summary: This study extracted one-year genomic data from the GISAID EpiCoV(TM) database and estimated the monthly proportions of 11 SARS-CoV-2 variants in different geographical regions. The study found that the Delta variant predominated in Africa, Asia, Europe, North America, and Oceania, while in South America, the Delta variant's proportion approached the diminishing Gamma variant. The study also observed that the rise and predominance of different variants were accompanied by surges in new COVID-19 cases, and the death tolls varied depending on regional vaccination status.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
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Critical Care Medicine
Sara Y. Tartof et al.
Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness and durability of two and three doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine against hospital and emergency department admissions due to the delta and omicron variants. The results showed that three doses of the vaccine provided high protection against both variants in the first 3 months after vaccination, but waning was observed against the omicron variant after 3 months. Additional doses of vaccines might be needed to maintain high levels of protection against future variants.
LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Luca Perico et al.
Summary: Microvascular thrombosis is associated with multi-organ failure and mortality in COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2-derived spike protein 1 (S1) can induce endothelial damage and promote inflammatory and thrombotic processes in the microvasculature, amplified by the complement system.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Tomohiro Watanabe et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccination may induce autoimmune responses, leading to the development of autoimmune diseases. This article reports a case of new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) following COVID-19 vaccination, and the study found that the production of cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, and type I IFN may be involved in this new-onset RA.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
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Medicine, General & Internal
Ortal Tuvali et al.
Summary: This study suggests that there is no increased incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in adult patients recovering from COVID-19 infection.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
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Immunology
Nikolaos Syrigos et al.
Summary: This report investigated the frequency and characteristics of blood pressure increase after Pfizer-BioNTech vaccination among healthcare workers. The study found that a significant increase in blood pressure was rare and transient, with benign features. Monitoring blood pressure before and after vaccination may be advisable for individuals at high cardiovascular risk.
Article
Pediatrics
Anna R. Yousaf et al.
Summary: This study investigated reports of individuals aged 12-20 years with MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination. The findings suggest that MIS-C after COVID-19 vaccination is rare, but continued monitoring and reporting are warranted.
LANCET CHILD & ADOLESCENT HEALTH
(2022)
Article
Urology & Nephrology
Mark Canney et al.
Summary: This population-level cohort study found that the second or third dose of COVID-19 vaccine was associated with higher relative risk but low absolute increased risk of glomerular disease relapse.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF NEPHROLOGY
(2022)
Article
Materials Science, Biomaterials
Xiaochen Huang et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 may cause molecular and functional changes in cardiomyocytes through the interaction with ACE2 complex. The spike proteins of SARS-CoV-2 can lead to abnormal sarcomere structures and disrupted gap junction protein distribution in human-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes. Additionally, the damage to cardiomyocytes caused by spike proteins is enhanced when angiotensin II is added, resulting in potential cardiac dysfunction.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Christian Baumeier et al.
Summary: Reports of myocarditis following COVID-19 vaccination have been observed since early 2021. Young males are particularly at increased risk, although limited cases with endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) confirmation are available. This study presents histopathological analysis of 15 patients with reduced ejection fraction and clinical suspicion of myocarditis following vaccination. The analysis reveals myocardial inflammation in the majority of patients, suggesting a possible autoimmune response triggered by the vaccine.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Catherine J. Reynolds et al.
Summary: This study investigated the immune response of triple BioNTech BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccinated healthcare workers to the B.1.1.529 variant. It was found that individuals vaccinated with three doses showed enhanced immunity against previous variants, but reduced immune response to B.1.1.529. Individuals previously infected with other variants showed enhanced immunity against earlier variants, but reduced immune response to B.1.1.529.
Editorial Material
Virology
Kenji Yamamoto
Summary: A recent study published in The Lancet suggests that immune function among individuals who received two doses of COVID-19 vaccine becomes lower after 8 months compared to those who were unvaccinated. Therefore, frequent booster shots may not be feasible according to recommendations from the European Medicines Agency. The decrease in immunity could be caused by various factors and could explain the association found between COVID-19 vaccination and shingles. It is important to discontinue further booster vaccinations as a safety measure and to record the date of vaccination for patients' medical records.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Stephane Le Vu et al.
Summary: Cases of myocarditis and pericarditis have been reported following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, with increased risks during the first week after vaccination, particularly after the second dose. The mRNA-1273 vaccine shows the largest association with myocarditis, especially in individuals aged 18 to 24 years. The burden of both myocarditis and pericarditis attributable to vaccination is significant across different age groups and in both males and females.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Magali Noval Rivas et al.
Summary: Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a febrile pediatric inflammatory disease that may develop in relation to SARS-CoV-2 infection. MIS-C is characterized by systemic hyperinflammation and multiorgan involvement, with similarities to Kawasaki disease and toxic shock syndrome. Molecular analysis and immunosequencing studies have revealed the presence of SAg-like and neurotoxin-like structures in MIS-C, which may contribute to autoimmune responses and neurological symptoms.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Cell Biology
Carola Amormino et al.
Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein does not exhibit superantigen-like activity, contradicting the superantigen theory of MIS-C.
Article
Immunology
Joanna Musialik et al.
Summary: The study aimed to assess the impact of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines on EBV infections in stable kidney and liver transplant recipients. The results showed a significant increase in EBV viremia after the second vaccine dose in 9 out of 10 patients, and one patient experienced reactivation of EBV infection. Although the viral load decreased six months later, some patients still had a viral load higher than the baseline.
Article
Microbiology
Rima Hajjo et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccines have played a crucial role in reducing infections and deaths, but large-scale vaccination can lead to heterogeneity in immune responses and adverse reactions. This study used a systems biology approach to investigate the pharmacological effects of mRNA vaccines, finding that they affect immune response pathways and calcium homeostasis, potentially leading to adverse events.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Sarah A. Buchan et al.
Summary: This population-based cohort study conducted in Ontario, Canada, investigated the rates of myocarditis or pericarditis following COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, as well as the impact of vaccine products, age, sex, dose number, and interdose interval on the risk of these conditions. The study found that vaccine products and interdose intervals, in addition to age and sex, may be associated with the risk of myocarditis or pericarditis after vaccination. Vaccination program strategies, such as age-based product considerations and longer interdose intervals, may help reduce this risk.
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mohammad Barary et al.
Summary: The common side effects of COVID-19 vaccination are usually self-restricted local reactions. However, rare cases of autoimmune hepatitis have been reported in individuals vaccinated with mRNA COVID-19 vaccines. This article presents a case of a young man who developed fulminant hepatitis a few days after receiving the first dose of the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine. Despite ruling out other causes, it was confirmed that the fulminant hepatitis was secondary to the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine in this patient. Unfortunately, the patient died three days later due to disseminated intravascular coagulopathy.
CLINICAL CASE REPORTS
(2022)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Raed Alroughani et al.
Summary: This study reports the short-term safety of COVID-19 vaccines among people with multiple sclerosis (PWMS). The results showed that the vaccines were safe for PWMS, with no increased risk of relapse activity or worsening of pre-existing MS symptoms.
CLINICAL NEUROLOGY AND NEUROSURGERY
(2022)
Review
Immunology
Angela Meggiolaro et al.
Summary: This meta-analysis examines the effectiveness of current Sars-Cov2 vaccine regimens against Omicron infection and the waning effectiveness of primary vaccination against symptomatic infection and hospitalization. The results suggest that vaccination reduces the risk of infection, but the protection provided by primary vaccination decreases significantly after 6 months.
EXPERT REVIEW OF VACCINES
(2022)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Cosentino et al.
Summary: COVID-19 mRNA vaccines, unlike traditional vaccines, resemble pharmaceutical drugs as they contain active SARS-CoV-2 S protein mRNA that leads to the production of active protein. Accurately defining COVID-19 mRNA vaccines as pharmaceutical drugs is crucial for their evaluation and safe use.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR SCIENCES
(2022)
News Item
Dermatology
E. Tschachler
JOURNAL OF INVESTIGATIVE DERMATOLOGY
(2022)
Letter
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Marco Cosentino et al.
Summary: In this article, the authors discuss the role of spike protein induced by COVID-19 mRNA vaccines in adverse effects following vaccination, and propose a question and its possible answer to improve the efficacy and safety of the vaccines.
TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Joseph Fraiman et al.
Summary: This study found that mRNA COVID-19 vaccines are associated with an excess risk of serious adverse events, emphasizing the need for formal harm-benefit analyses, particularly those stratified according to risk of serious COVID-19 outcomes.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Kaori Sano et al.
Summary: This study reveals that prior SARS-CoV-2 infection enhances the induction of mucosal SARS-CoV-2 secretory IgA antibody following mRNA vaccination, while individuals without prior exposure to the virus have a minimal mucosal antibody response.
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Isobel L. Ward et al.
Summary: Based on a retrospective cohort study conducted in England from December 1, 2021 to December 30, 2021, the risk of covid-19 death was found to be reduced by 66% for omicron BA.1 compared to delta. The reduction in risk was more pronounced in the 18-59 year age group.
BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL
(2022)
Letter
Pediatrics
Nazeeh Hanna et al.
Article
Clinical Neurology
Dominika Stastna et al.
Summary: COVID-19 vaccination and infection may increase the activity of immune-mediated diseases. This study evaluated the short-term risk of relapse after COVID-19 vaccination and infection in patients with multiple sclerosis and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder. The results showed a mild increase in relapse incidence after vaccination or infection, and younger age was associated with relapse.
MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS AND RELATED DISORDERS
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Nahee Hwang et al.
Summary: This study conducted a time series analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a patient with BNT162b2-induced myocarditis, and found the importance of classical monocytes in the pathogenesis of myocarditis. The study also suggests that vaccination may affect monocytes and induce their infiltration into the heart.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Marco Cosentino et al.
Summary: This study provides insights into the characteristics, management, and outcomes of COVID-19 outpatients. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness and safety of the drugs used for treatment, highlighting their importance for physicians and policymakers.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
(2022)
Article
Immunology
Michael Moerz
Summary: This report presents a case of a 76-year-old man with Parkinson's disease who died three weeks after receiving his third COVID-19 vaccination. Post-mortem examinations confirmed Parkinson's disease and revealed signs of aspiration pneumonia and systemic arteriosclerosis. Histopathological analyses showed acute vasculitis and multifocal necrotizing encephalitis in the brain, as well as chronic cardiomyopathy and myocarditis in the heart. Immunohistochemistry testing detected only spike protein in the inflammation foci of the brain and the heart, suggesting the presence of spike protein is due to vaccination rather than viral infection.
Article
Microbiology
Giuseppe A. Ramirez et al.
Summary: The safety of mRNA-based vaccines in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and previous myocarditis was studied. It was found that despite a transient increase in troponin levels, there were no typical symptoms or signs of myocarditis, and troponin levels gradually decreased within a few months. Therefore, mRNA-based vaccines appear to be safe for these patients.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Feng-Xia Gao et al.
Summary: The use of repeated vaccine boosters in the face of SARS-CoV-2 variants remains uncertain in terms of their effectiveness and potential adverse effects. This study compared the immune responses of extended RBD vaccine boosters with conventional immunization strategies in mice. The findings indicate that extended vaccination with boosters reduced antibody titers and neutralizing efficacy, impaired T cell activation, and promoted immune tolerance.
Editorial Material
Medicine, General & Internal
Aneesh Rai et al.
ANNALS OF MEDICINE AND SURGERY
(2022)
Article
Aseem Malhotra
Journal of Insulin Resistance
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Zaeema Naveed et al.
Summary: This study used population health administrative data from British Columbia to estimate the incidence of myocarditis after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. The results showed a low number of myocarditis cases within 7 and 21 days post-vaccination, but age, sex, and vaccine type were important factors affecting the incidence rate. The risk of myocarditis was lower for individuals aged 18-29 who received the BNT162b2 vaccine.
CANADIAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION JOURNAL
(2022)
Article
Health Care Sciences & Services
Niklas Frahm et al.
Summary: This study analyzed vaccination reactions and MS deterioration following SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in German and UK PwMS. The results showed that female patients were more likely to experience vaccination reactions, but there were no gender differences in MS deterioration.
LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH-EUROPE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Nathalie Conrad et al.
Summary: This population-based study examined the association between autoimmune diseases and cardiovascular disease. The results showed that patients with autoimmune diseases have an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, and this risk increases with the number of autoimmune diseases present, especially in younger patients.
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Maochen Li et al.
Summary: This article systematically assesses the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, including their potential complications and effects on different populations. It recommends governments and relevant agencies to continue the vaccination process while paying attention to vaccine safety, timely treatment of complications, vaccine development, and ensuring patient well-being. Additional measures like mix-and-match vaccination, developing new types of vaccines, and optimizing immune adjuvants are suggested to improve vaccine safety and effectiveness.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2022)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Seong Hee Kang et al.
Summary: This article reports a case of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) occurring after Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine. This is one of the few cases of AIH reported after COVID-19 vaccination. The patient was successfully treated.
JOURNAL OF KOREAN MEDICAL SCIENCE
(2022)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Jonathan W. Yewdell et al.
Summary: Original antigenic sin (OAS) is a phenomenon in antibody responses to influenza A virus infection or vaccination, which depends on multiple variables. It is not a sin, but rather a part of evolutionary selection that can help improve influenza virus vaccines.
COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Rheumatology
Shintaro Akiyama et al.
Summary: Patients with autoimmune diseases have a higher risk of COVID-19, primarily due to glucocorticoid use. Monotherapy with b/tsDMARDs is associated with a lower risk of hospitalisation and death.
ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2021)
Review
Microbiology
T. G. Villa et al.
Summary: Due to their high mutation rates and lack of replication fidelity, RNA viruses can rapidly develop antiviral resistance and overcome vaccines. This allows for fast evolution of RNA viruses and their ability to cause worldwide pandemics.
ARCHIVES OF MICROBIOLOGY
(2021)
Review
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Carsten Tschoepe et al.
Summary: Inflammatory cardiomyopathy is a disease characterized by inflammatory cell infiltration into the myocardium and is predominantly mediated by viral infection. Despite extensive research, inflammatory cardiomyopathy complicated by left ventricular dysfunction, heart failure or arrhythmia is associated with a poor prognosis. The relative roles of the pathogen, host genomics and environmental factors in disease progression and healing are still under discussion.
NATURE REVIEWS CARDIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Allergy
Yu-Wen Hsu et al.
Summary: This study found a close correlation between genetic polymorphisms of IP10 and Kawasaki disease, particularly the influence of rs3921 and rs4386624 genotypes on the susceptibility to Kawasaki disease.
PEDIATRIC ALLERGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Fei Li et al.
Summary: The study found that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces autophagy and apoptosis in cells by upregulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, and ultimately triggering inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis. These findings are crucial for understanding the pathogenic inflammation mechanism induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection and developing anti-inflammatory therapies for COVID-19 patients.
BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE
(2021)
Letter
Hematology
Angelo Gardellini et al.
BLOOD CELLS MOLECULES AND DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Elisa Avolio et al.
Summary: The study found that the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 may lead to dysfunction and death of pericytes, potentially contributing to microvascular injury, and it activates the ERK1/2 pathway through the CD147 receptor, which could play a role in microvascular damage.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Emanuel Della-Torre et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Christina Krienke et al.
Summary: The study demonstrates the potential use of modified m1 Psi mRNA in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, showing its ability to suppress the disease, promote the development of T-reg cell populations, and enhance bystander immunosuppression.
Article
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
Lucas Cunha Barbosa et al.
Summary: ACE2 plays a crucial role in regulating the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) and acts as an entry receptor for SARS-CoV-2 on endothelial cells. The dysfunction of endothelial cells, triggered by factors such as cytokines, hypoxia, and complement activation, may lead to abnormal coagulation and inflammation, contributing to poor prognosis in COVID-19 patients. Endothelial cell-associated therapies, including anticoagulants and immunomodulators, have been proposed to treat COVID-19.
VASCULAR PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Isabel Garrido et al.
Summary: The case of acute severe autoimmune hepatitis following COVID-19 vaccination highlights the importance of closely monitoring adverse reactions during the vaccination process to ensure safety. Healthcare providers must remain vigilant during mass COVID-19 vaccination to detect and manage potential complications promptly.
JOURNAL OF AUTOIMMUNITY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Aristo Vojdani et al.
Summary: The study found immune reactivity between SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and various human tissue antigens, as well as similarities between COVID-19 viral proteins and human tissue antigens. This extensive immune cross-reactivity may impact the disease progression of COVID-19, affecting disease severity, triggering autoimmunity, and exacerbating pre-existing autoimmune diseases. The results highlight potential risks for autoimmunity and multi-system disorders with COVID-19, emphasizing the importance of ensuring the safety of vaccines and treatments against this disease.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Sandhya Bansal et al.
Summary: After vaccination, circulating exosomes rapidly induce expression of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, with antibodies peaking 14 days after the second dose. Increasing levels of spike protein in exosomes following booster doses demonstrate their important role in effective immunization post mRNA vaccination.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Neurosciences
Brandon J. DeOre et al.
Summary: The spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 disrupts the blood-brain barrier by upregulating ACE2 expression and activating RhoA, leading to potential neurological deficits in COVID-19 patients.
JOURNAL OF NEUROIMMUNE PHARMACOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Guy Witberg et al.
Summary: Among 2.5 million patients who received the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in a large Israeli health care system, the incidence of myocarditis at 42 days was 2.13 cases per 100,000 persons, with the highest incidence (10.69 per 100,000 persons) among male patients between the ages of 16 and 29 years. Most cases of myocarditis were mild or moderate.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Hiam Chemaitelly et al.
Summary: In a study conducted in Qatar involving over 900,000 participants, vaccine effectiveness peaked at 77.5% in the first month after the second dose. However, it declined afterwards to as low as 20% in months 5 through 7 after vaccination, while protection against severe Covid-19 remained above 90% for at least 6 months.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2021)
Article
Virology
Eun Seon Kim et al.
Summary: This study demonstrates the toxic effects of SARS-CoV-2 on brain endothelial cells, including impaired molecular delivery and metabolic function, which may contribute to the neurological symptoms observed in infected individuals.
Review
Immunology
Jiae Kim et al.
Summary: This review summarizes the lessons learned from previous HIV vaccine efficacy trials, highlights unanswered questions, and discusses new approaches in vaccine development to address existing gaps.
JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL AIDS SOCIETY
(2021)
Article
Hematology
Yair Herishanu et al.
Summary: Patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia have a significantly impaired antibody response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine, which is influenced by disease activity and treatment.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Zhengrong Zhang et al.
Summary: In COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to the presence of heterotypic cell-in-cell structures in lung tissues with lymphocytes inside multinucleate syncytia. The membrane fusion induced by the spike glycoprotein is controlled by a bi-arginine motif, and candidate anti-viral drugs can efficiently inhibit this process. This study provides insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and identifies potential novel targets for COVID-19 therapy.
CELL DEATH AND DIFFERENTIATION
(2021)
Letter
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Yuyang Lei et al.
CIRCULATION RESEARCH
(2021)
Article
Clinical Neurology
Riccardo Nistri et al.
Summary: This study described a temporal association between COVID-19 vaccination and MS relapses in 16 patients, with 3 patients experiencing their first episode post-vaccination and 13 already diagnosed with MS. All relapses occurred 3 days to 3 weeks after vaccination, with evidence of radiological activity on MRI in all patients. The nature of this association, whether causal or incidental, remains to be determined.
FRONTIERS IN NEUROLOGY
(2021)
Article
Cell Biology
Jiping Liu et al.
Summary: Large-scale COVID-19 vaccinations are currently underway, causing consistent alterations in hemoglobin A1c, serum sodium and potassium levels, coagulation profiles, and renal functions in healthy volunteers. Single-cell mRNA sequencing also revealed changes in gene expression of immune cells, suggesting that vaccination mimics infection. Increased NF-kappa B signaling and reduced type I interferon responses were observed, indicating caution is needed when vaccinating individuals with pre-existing clinical conditions.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna A. Kiseleva et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2, the novel coronavirus, affects not only the respiratory system but also other organs, especially posing a higher risk of death for patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease, possibly due to alterations in ACE2 enzymatic function caused by the virus.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Rima Hajjo et al.
Summary: Research shows that myocarditis and pericarditis are most commonly associated with COVID-19 vaccines, followed by non-COVID-19 vaccines; the frequency of cardiac adverse events is influenced by various factors; interferon-gamma plays a central role in the biological processes leading to cardiac adverse events.
Article
Microbiology
Soumya Panigrahi et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to reduced ACE2 expression on cells, potentially causing compromised respiratory function and thrombotic events. Increased levels of molecules like angiotensin II and bradykinin may contribute to inflammation, while spike protein and bradykinin can induce dysfunction in endothelial cells.
MICROBIOLOGY SPECTRUM
(2021)
Article
Endocrinology & Metabolism
Olga Vera-Lastra et al.
Summary: Two female health care workers developed clinical manifestations of thyroid hyperactivity, increased thyroid hormone levels, suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone, and elevated antithyroid antibodies three days after receiving a SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. This indicates a potential link between SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and the onset of autoimmune thyroid diseases like Graves' disease.
Article
Physiology
Ruben M. L. Colunga Biancatelli et al.
Summary: Research suggests that intratracheal instillation of the S1 subunit of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein in K18-hACE2 transgenic mice can induce COVID-19-associated lung injury, characterized by weight loss, increased white blood cells and protein concentration, upregulated inflammatory cytokines, histological evidence of lung injury, and activation of specific pathways.
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY-LUNG CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR PHYSIOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Shira Weingarten-Gabbay et al.
Summary: T cell-mediated immunity plays a crucial role in controlling SARS-CoV-2 infection, with some peptides derived from internal out-of-frame ORFs in spike and nucleocapsid eliciting stronger T cell responses than canonical peptides. Early expressed viral proteins contribute more to HLA-I presentation and immunogenicity, providing insights for vaccine development and immune monitoring.
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
Martina Zappa et al.
EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF INTERNAL MEDICINE
(2021)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
Sawai Singh Rathore et al.
Summary: Myocarditis is a cardiac complication in Covid-19 patients, with symptoms like fever and hypertension. Non-specific findings in electrocardiogram and echocardiogram, and myocardial edema and injury in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging are common. Treatment involves antivirals and corticosteroids.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL PRACTICE
(2021)
Letter
Medicine, General & Internal
George A. Diaz et al.
Summary: This study compares the incidence of myocarditis and pericarditis in emergency department or inpatient hospital encounters before and during the period of COVID-19 vaccination availability in a large US health care system.
JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Mine Durusu Tanriover et al.
Summary: The study presented the interim efficacy and safety results of the CoronaVac vaccine in a phase 3 clinical trial in Turkey, demonstrating high efficacy against PCR-confirmed symptomatic COVID-19 with good safety and tolerability profile. Results showed significant differences in the frequency of any adverse events between the vaccine and placebo groups, indicating excellent protective effects of the vaccine.
Letter
Oncology
Magdalena Kucia et al.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
John M. Arthur et al.
Summary: Many patients with a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection have developed specific antibodies against ACE2, which may decrease the activity of soluble ACE2 in plasma and increase levels of Ang II, potentially triggering symptoms of PASC.
Review
Virology
Ahlam Chaqroun et al.
Summary: The genetically variable SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the emergence of different variants that affect transmissibility and immune escape. Further research is needed to develop effective preventive and therapeutic control strategies.
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Andrew D. Moura et al.
Summary: This study assessed antibody levels, avidity, and subclasses of IgG against RBD protein in symptomatic COVID-19 patients in Brazil. Results showed that severe COVID-19 patients had higher antibody levels, most patients had low antibody avidity, and some life-threatening patients showed increased IgG4 levels in the first week of symptoms onset. The findings highlight the importance of IgG antibody avidity and IgG4 detection as a potential tool in monitoring hospitalized patients with severe disease.
SCIENTIFIC REPORTS
(2021)
Article
Microbiology
Sushma Boppana et al.
Summary: This study examined cTfh responses to three major structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 recovered individuals, finding that cTfh frequencies correlate with neutralizing antibody responses and cTfh responses may be delayed post infection.
Article
Immunology
Tlili Barhoumi et al.
Summary: The study found that the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 can induce apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses in macrophages and endothelial cells, which can be mitigated by the ACE inhibitor perindopril. Additionally, the S protein can affect the mitogenic responses and proteomic regulation of PBMCs. These findings suggest that the S protein may activate blood and vascular components circulating in the body, with potential involvement of the local renin-angiotensin system in this process.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2021)
Article
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Tegan K. Boehmer et al.
MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT
(2021)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Jay Montgomery et al.
Summary: This study investigated cases of myocarditis occurring in male patients within the US Military Health System after receiving mRNA COVID-19 vaccines between January and April 2021. A total of 23 male patients presented with acute chest pain within 4 days post-vaccination, with elevated troponin levels and findings consistent with myocarditis on imaging. The number of cases observed was higher than expected after a second dose of the vaccine among male military members.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Curt J. Daniels et al.
Summary: In this study of 1597 competitive athletes in the US who underwent CMR screening after COVID-19 infection, 37 athletes (2.3%) were diagnosed with clinical and subclinical myocarditis. There was variability in prevalence across universities, and testing protocols were closely associated with the detection of myocarditis. The unique CMR imaging data highlight the need for standardized timing and interpretation of cardiac testing for safe return to play in athletes.
Review
Immunology
Rina Fajri Nuwarda et al.
Summary: Influenza is a major public health concern, and vaccines are an effective method for prevention and control. New vaccine platforms and advancements in vaccine manufacturing processes are being explored to improve effectiveness and stability.
Article
Immunology
Maurizio Federico
Summary: This article discusses the role of CD8(+) T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 in different vaccine formulations, highlighting its ability to complement the shortcomings of antibodies and have a positive effect on antiviral immunity. Furthermore, CD8(+) T cell immunity also maintains efficacy in the presence of viral protein mutations.
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Anna A. Kiseleva et al.
Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection may affect the enzymatic properties of ACE2, leading to cardiovascular complications in COVID-19 patients. The increased risk of death in COVID-19 patients with pre-existing cardiovascular disease may be partly attributed to the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on ACE2 function.
JOURNAL OF BIOCHEMISTRY
(2021)
Review
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Jung Woo Park et al.
Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 has led to significant impact on human lives, with mRNA vaccines emerging as promising candidates due to their rapid development time, cost-effectiveness, versatility in design, and proven ability to induce immune response.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES
(2021)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Arne Sattler et al.
Summary: The study analyzed immune responses in kidney transplant recipients after receiving the BNT162b2 vaccine, finding weaker antibody responses in transplant patients compared to healthy individuals and most hemodialysis patients. Additionally, spike-specific T cell responses were significantly reduced in transplant patients, indicating a need for revised vaccination strategies in immunosuppressed individuals.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2021)
Review
Peripheral Vascular Disease
Aleksey Chaulin
Summary: Laboratory diagnosis plays a key role in the diagnosis of many diseases, including cardiovascular diseases. The development of highly sensitive methods for detecting cardiac troponins has provided new diagnostic capabilities and possibilities for clinical healthcare.
VASCULAR HEALTH AND RISK MANAGEMENT
(2021)
Article
Immunology
Mark B. Salzman et al.
Summary: This report discusses 3 cases of patients in California who experienced multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) after receiving vaccination and being infected with SARS-CoV-2. It also mentions 3 cases of adults who were not vaccinated developing MIS during a period when around 7% of the adult population had received at least one vaccine.
EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES
(2021)
Article
Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
Ren Yang et al.
Summary: SW0123 is a highly efficacious mRNA vaccine candidate with strong immunogenicity, inducing T cell and antibody responses, capable of neutralizing multiple variants, and providing effective protection in animal challenge experiments.
SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION AND TARGETED THERAPY
(2021)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
Fei Zhou et al.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Tao Guo et al.
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Shaobo Shi et al.
Review
Immunology
Michael Ehrenfeld et al.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2020)
Article
Medical Laboratory Technology
Alana F. Ogata et al.
CLINICAL CHEMISTRY
(2020)
Article
Immunology
Darja Kanduc et al.
IMMUNOLOGIC RESEARCH
(2020)
Article
Multidisciplinary Sciences
Mary Hongying Cheng et al.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
(2020)
Editorial Material
Immunology
Karsten Sauer et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2020)
Review
Microbiology
Wen Shi Lee et al.
NATURE MICROBIOLOGY
(2020)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sheraz A. Butt et al.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION
(2019)
Review
Rheumatology
Agata Matusiewicz et al.
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RHEUMATIC DISEASES
(2019)
Review
Immunology
Ali Zhang et al.
JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY
(2019)
Review
Rheumatology
Yudong Liu et al.
CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2018)
Review
Immunology
Nataschja I. Ho et al.
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
(2018)
Article
Rheumatology
Guillemette Thomas et al.
JOURNAL OF RHEUMATOLOGY
(2017)
Review
Immunology
Cloe Comarmond et al.
AUTOIMMUNITY REVIEWS
(2017)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Sophie Mavrogeni et al.
BMC CARDIOVASCULAR DISORDERS
(2017)
Article
Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems
Kathleen E. Simpson et al.
JOURNAL OF CARDIAC FAILURE
(2016)
Article
Rheumatology
Jasvinder A. Singh et al.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2016)
Meeting Abstract
Rheumatology
Jasvinder A. Singh et al.
ARTHRITIS & RHEUMATOLOGY
(2015)
Review
Immunology
Joerg Timm et al.
MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY
(2015)
Article
Medicine, General & Internal
L. van Bon et al.
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2014)
Article
Rheumatology
Xiaochun Liu et al.
ARTHRITIS AND RHEUMATISM
(2013)
Review
Rheumatology
Jay Reddy et al.
CURRENT OPINION IN RHEUMATOLOGY
(2013)
Article
Immunology
Leah J. Blank et al.
JAIDS-JOURNAL OF ACQUIRED IMMUNE DEFICIENCY SYNDROMES
(2012)
Article
Microbiology
Masako Nomaguchi et al.
Frontiers in Microbiology
(2012)
Article
Dermatology
C. M. Gronhagen et al.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY
(2011)
Review
Rheumatology
Mariana J. Kaplan
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY
(2011)
Review
Medicine, General & Internal
George C. Tsokos
NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE
(2011)
Article
Rheumatology
Yuko Takahashi et al.
ARTHRITIS RESEARCH & THERAPY
(2010)
Article
Medicine, Research & Experimental
Susan B. Gurley et al.
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION
(2006)
Review
Public, Environmental & Occupational Health
Lorna Hazell et al.
Review
Immunology
Jacques Banchereau et al.
Review
Pharmacology & Pharmacy
C Oussoren et al.
ADVANCED DRUG DELIVERY REVIEWS
(2001)
