Convection heat transfer enhancement by inserting a concentric tube into an externally heated tube and controlling the concurrent flow rates of a phase change nanofluid and water

To effectively improve internal convection, in this study, the heat transfer enhancement using concurrent forced flows of phase change nanofluids/water through the outer ring/inner tube of a double tube was investigated experimentally and compared to that of an identical tube filled with water, for which limited information is available. The parameters are described as follows: heating powers of 70, 110, and 150 W; mass fractions of the phase change nanofluid of 2.04 %, 2.91 %, and 7.11 %; flow ratios of 0.33-4.0; and a total flow rate of 304 cm3/ min. The results indicated that the PCM concentration, flow ratio, and heating power must be correctly matched so that the phase change in the working fluid falls in the expected position and the effect of the latent heat can be fully realized. For a 2.04 % PCM emulsion, when the heating wattage is 70 W and the flow ratio is approximately intermediate (0.51), the local heat transfer effectiveness of the heated section is >1, indicating that using a PCM emulsion as the working fluid instead of water can effectively increase the heat transfer rate.

Automated summary

In this study, the researchers experimentally investigated the heat transfer enhancement using concurrent forced flows of phase change nanofluids and water. The results showed that correctly matching the concentration of the nanofluids, flow ratio, and heating power is essential for maximizing the heat transfer rate.