Journal
BIOMOLECULES
Volume 12, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom12111649
Keywords
cancer; foodinformatics; MTT; nutraceuticals; phenogenotype; phytochemicals; pomegranate; Punica granatum
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Funding
- CONACYT (Mexican Council of Science and Technology) [CB-2015-1/254063]
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The chemical composition, antioxidant capacity, and anticancer potential of pomegranate fruits with different colors were evaluated. Red pomegranate had the highest nutrient content and antioxidant activity, but showed the same cytotoxicity against normal and cancer cells as pink and white pomegranates. Several phytochemicals in pomegranate fruits exhibited anticancer activity. The anticancer potential of pomegranate fruits is dependent on their phenogenotype.
Pomegranate (PMG; Punica granatum L.) fruits possess a well-balanced nutrient/phytochemical composition, with proven adjuvant benefits in experimental cancer chemotherapy; however, such bioactivity could be affected by PMG's phenogenotype (varietal). Here, the chemical and phytochemical (UPLC-DAD-MS2) composition, antioxidant capacity and anticancer potential [in vitro (MTT assay) and in silico (foodinformatics)] of three PMG fruits of different aryl color [red (cv. Wonderful), pink (cv. Molar de Elche), and white (cv. Indian)] were evaluated. The macro/micronutrient (ascorbic acid, tocols, carotenoids), organic acid (citric/malic), and polyphenol content were changed by PMG's varietal and total antioxidant activity (ABTS, alcoholic > hexane extract) in the order of red > pink > white. However, their in vitro cytotoxicity was the same (IC50 > 200 mu g.mL(-1)) against normal (retinal) and cancer (breast, lung, colorectal) cell lines. Sixteen major phytochemicals were tentatively identified, four of them with a high GI absorption/bioavailability score [Ellagic (pink), vanillic (red), gallic (white) acids, D-(+)-catechin (white)] and three of them with multiple molecular targets [Ellagic (52) > vanillic (32) > gallic (23)] associated with anticancer (at initiation and promotion stages) activity. The anticancer potential of the PMG fruit is phenogenotype-specific, although it could be more effective in nutraceutical formulations (concentrates).
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