Journal
FRONTIERS IN CELL AND DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Volume 10, Issue -, Pages -Publisher
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1094362
Keywords
connexin; pannexin; innexin; LRRC8; CALHM; infectious disease
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Plasma membrane ionic channels selectively permeate potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions. Large-pore channels, formed by various proteins, are permeable to ions and small molecules, and play crucial roles in inflammatory responses, including the activation of inflammasomes and the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and ATP. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of large-pore channels and their contribution to inflammation induced by microorganisms, virulence factors, or their toxins.
Plasma membrane ionic channels selectively permeate potassium, sodium, calcium, and chloride ions. However, large-pore channels are permeable to ions and small molecules such as ATP and glutamate, among others. Large-pore channels are structures formed by several protein families with little or no evolutionary linkages including connexins (Cxs), pannexins (Panxs), innexin (Inxs), unnexins (Unxs), calcium homeostasis modulator (CALHMs), and Leucine-rich repeat-containing 8 (LRRC8) proteins. Large-pore channels are key players in inflammatory cell response, guiding the activation of inflammasomes, the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 ss), and the release of adenosine-5 '-triphosphate (ATP), which is considered a danger signal. This review summarizes our current understanding of large-pore channels and their contribution to inflammation induced by microorganisms, virulence factors or their toxins.
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