Characterization and optimization of lignin extraction from lignocellulosic biomass via green nanocatalyst

Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the major sources of energy in the world without proper utilization. In this regard, the current study focuses on the use of an indigenous source of biomass for the extraction of lignin using alkali and acid pretreatment. Four different biomasses were used for lignin extraction such as walnut shell, almond shell, neem tree bark, and babul tree bark. After pretreatment, lignin characterization was done by using proximate and ultimate analysis, FTIR, and EDS. The maximum content of lignin was present in babul tree bark as compared to other biomasses, whereas sulfur content was maximum in a walnut shell and minimum in babul tree bark. Neem tree barks for 5 h achieve a 5% lignin yield and minimum yield of 2% at 3 h. Walnut shells for 5 h 6% lignin yield and minimum at 3 h 4%. Almond shell for 5 h time achieved maximum lignin yield of 7%, and minimum yield 4 wt % for 3 h. Finally, it is seen that lignin had the greatest yield from the walnut shell in comparison to other biomass alternatives.

Automated summary

The current study investigates the utilization of lignocellulosic biomass and its extraction of lignin using alkali and acid pretreatment. Different biomasses were tested, and it was found that walnut shell had the highest lignin content, while babul tree bark had the lowest sulfur content.