Morphostructural Differences between the Historical Genetic Lines of the Spanish Merino Sheep

Simple Summary This study addresses the analysis of the morphometric differences based on quantitative traits in the different historical genetic lines of the Spanish Merino sheep breed. The results show the existence of significative differences both in the measurements taken and in the indexes calculated between the different genetic lines. This result could indicate how different genetic lines within the autochthonous Merino breed have developed due to the chosen management models and the adaptation to the specific ecosystems in which the sheep have been bred in pure, closed conditions for centuries, which have been maintained to the present day. Our study complements a previous genomic approach, in which the different historical lines of the breed were characterized, showing the genuine genetic pool of the Spanish Merino, the origin of all the Merino and Merino derived breeds in the world. The Merino breed, which originates from Spain, is the most emblematic livestock breed in the world, since it is the first with a worldwide extension and has had an important impact on the genetic origin of several of the main current sheep populations. For this reason, it is of vital importance to typify the historical genetic lines of the original Spanish Merino breed and thereby ensure the conservation of its variability. In the present study, we used 337 purebred animals (males and females) registered in the Genealogical Book of the Native Merino Breed. All the animals were descendants of herds from six ancestral genetic lines (Maesso, Egea, Granda, Lopez-Montenegro, Hidalgo, and Donoso). Significant differences were found in all the morphometric traits and indexes between the different genetic lines. Using discriminant analysis, 84% of the animals were classified correctly into their historical genetic lines. Furthermore, the distances between the lines, calculated by a cluster test, showed that Hidalgo, Maesso, and Donoso had the most clearly defined lines, while the Granda, Lopez-Montenegro, and Egea lines were more similar to each other. All this demonstrates the rich genetic variability existing in the genuine gene pool of the Merino sheep breed.

Automated summary

This study examines the morphometric differences in different historical genetic lines of the Spanish Merino sheep breed. The results show significant differences in measurements and indexes between the genetic lines, suggesting how different lines have developed due to management models and adaptation to specific ecosystems. The study complements previous genomic research and highlights the importance of preserving the genetic variability of the original Spanish Merino breed.