Journal
CELL HOST & MICROBE
Volume 17, Issue 4, Pages 429-440Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2015.03.001
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Funding
- NYUCI center [P30 CA16087]
- US NIH [R01 DK093668, 5 T32 GM0738, AI100853, F30 DK098925]
- American Heart Association [12GRNT12030041, R01AI099394, R01AI105129]
- [T32 AI007180]
- [F31 AI112290]
- [F32 AI098395]
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Resistance and tolerance are two defense strategies employed by the host against microbial threats. Autophagy-mediated degradation of bacteria has been extensively described as a major resistance mechanism. Here we find that the dominant function of autophagy proteins during infections with the epidemic community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA300 is to mediate tolerance rather than resistance. Atg16L1 hypomorphic mice (Atg16L1(HM)), which have reduced autophagy, were highly susceptible to lethality in both sepsis and pneumonia models of USA300 infection. Autophagy confers protection by limiting the damage caused by a-toxin, particularly to endothelial cells. Remarkably, Atg16L1(HM) mice display enhanced survival rather than susceptibility upon infection with a-toxin-deficient S. aureus. These results identify an essential role for autophagy in tolerance to Staphylococcal disease and highlight how a single virulence factor encoded by a pathogen can determine whether a given host factor promotes tolerance or resistance.
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