Effects of Birthweight of Piglets in a Multi-Suckling System on Mortality, Growth Rate, Catch-Up Growth, Feed Intake and Behaviour

Simple Summary Multi-suckling systems aim to improve animal welfare, but in these systems, a large variation is seen in piglet growth rate. This study investigated relationships between birthweight and growth rate, and other piglet traits in this system, and studied if specific traits are indicative of the ability of catch-up growth in low birthweight piglets. We found that birthweight was positively related with survival, growth rate, the number of sucklings, milk intake and feed intake, and with skin lesion scores. Irrespective of birthweight, fast-growing piglets tended to eat more feed, were present less often at teats of alien sows, and had more skin lesions. Our study provides little insight into the piglet traits that affect catchup growth in a multi-suckling environment, but it confirms the effects of piglet birthweight on survival and body weight gain, which is related to increased milk and feed intake. Multi-suckling systems aim to improve animal welfare, but in these systems, a large variation is seen in piglet growth rate. Birthweight (BiW) plays an important role in explaining the variation in body weight (BW) gain of piglets. This study aims to investigate the relationships between BiW and piglet traits up to day 44 postpartum (p.p.). A total of 55 sows were used. The growth rate and mortality were assessed for all piglets. Feed and milk intake, behaviours, and skin lesions were assessed in four focal piglets per litter. Focal piglets were divided into four groups based on their BiW class (high BiW (HBiW) vs. low BiW (LBiW)) and growth rate class (fast vs. slow). Results showed that increased mortality was observed in piglets with a BiW below 1.1 kg. Birthweight was positively related with the number of sucklings (beta = 2.8 no./kg of BiW per 7.5 h), corresponding to milk intake (beta = 102 g/kg of BiW per day), and to a lesser extent, to the intake of sow feed (beta = 44 g/kg of BiW per day) in week 6. Birthweight was positively related with the number of skin lesions (beta = 4.3 no./kg of BiW) in week 4. We found no indications that fast-growing LBiW piglets differed from fast-growing HBiW piglets, however, fast-growing piglets of both HBiW and LBiW tended to eat more feed (485 +/- 18 vs. 420 +/- 17 g/day, p = 0.068), were present less often at teats of alien sows (1.1 +/- 0.2 vs. 1.8 +/- 0.3, p = 0.010), and had more skin lesions (9.0 +/- 0.6 vs. 7.4 +/- 0.4, p = 0.047), compared to slow growing piglets. Our study, thus, provides little insight into the traits that affect catchup growth in a multi-suckling environment but increases insight into the differences between fast-growing and slow-growing piglets, regardless of their birthweight class.

Automated summary

Multi-suckling systems aim to improve animal welfare, but there is a large variation in piglet growth rate. This study investigated the relationship between birthweight and growth rate, and other piglet traits in this system. It was found that birthweight was positively related to survival, growth rate, suckling behavior, milk and feed intake, and skin lesion scores. Regardless of birthweight, fast-growing piglets tended to eat more feed, were less often present at teats of unfamiliar sows, and had more skin lesions.