4.4 Article

Absolute and Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of Primary and Booster Series of COVID-19 Vaccines (mRNA and Adenovirus Vector) Against COVID-19 Hospitalizations in the United States, December 2021-April 2022

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Immunology

Interpretation of Relative Efficacy and Effectiveness for Influenza Vaccines

Nathaniel M. Lewis et al.

Summary: This study analyzes the comparability of relative vaccine effectiveness across different studies and suggests that this comparability is dependent on the absolute vaccine effectiveness of the comparator vaccine. These findings have implications for the design of influenza vaccine studies and data reporting.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Association Between 3 Doses of mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine and Symptomatic Infection Caused by the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and Delta Variants

Emma K. Accorsi et al.

Summary: Assessing the performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the Omicron variant is crucial for public health guidance. This study found that receiving three doses of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine was associated with a lower likelihood of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection compared to being unvaccinated or receiving two doses. These findings suggest that three doses of mRNA vaccine provide protection against both Omicron and Delta variants, though the protection against Omicron may be slightly lower.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

Article Immunology

Effectiveness of mRNA Vaccines Against COVID-19 Hospitalization by Age and Chronic Medical Conditions Burden Among Immunocompetent US Adults, March-August 2021

Nathaniel M. Lewis et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in reducing hospitalizations is high among immunocompetent adults, especially those without chronic medical conditions. However, the effectiveness decreases with increasing comorbidity burden.

JOURNAL OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Effectiveness of COVID-19 booster vaccines against COVID-19-related symptoms, hospitalization and death in England

Nick Andrews et al.

Summary: This study examined the relative and absolute effectiveness of mRNA booster vaccination against COVID-19. The results showed that the booster dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 had a relative effectiveness ranging from 85% to 95% against symptomatic disease, and an absolute effectiveness ranging from 94% to 97%. For hospitalization or death, the absolute effectiveness of the BNT162b2 booster ranged from 97% to 99% in all age groups. The study provides real-world evidence of significantly increased protection from the booster vaccine dose against mild and severe disease.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Odds of Testing Positive for SARS-CoV-2 Following Receipt of 3 vs 2 Doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine

Tal Patalon et al.

Summary: This study demonstrated that receiving a booster dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine can reduce the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in the short term, potentially counteracting waning immunity. Further monitoring is needed to determine the duration of immunity following the booster dose.

JAMA INTERNAL MEDICINE (2022)

Article Immunology

Effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccines for Preventing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Hospitalizations in the United States

Mark W. Tenforde et al.

Summary: From March to May 2021, full vaccination using authorized mRNA products was associated with 87.1% protection against COVID-19 hospitalization among US adults, with lower effectiveness in adults with immunosuppression compared to those without. Vaccination was beneficial for patients with immunosuppression, but the effectiveness was lower in this population.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Relative Vaccine Effectiveness of a Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Messenger RNA Vaccine Booster Dose Against the Omicron Variant

Adeel A. Butt et al.

Summary: While the relative vaccine effectiveness of a booster dose of the COVID-19 mRNA vaccine in preventing infection against the Omicron variant is low, it is substantial in preventing hospitalization and high in preventing the most severe/critical disease.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Immunology

Effectiveness of Messenger RNA-based Vaccines During the Emergence of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Omicron Variant

Aditya Sharma et al.

Summary: The effectiveness of mRNA-based vaccines following the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant was evaluated. The study found that BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 were effective against COVID-19, and a third dose provided additional protection over the primary series.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effect of mRNA Vaccine Boosters against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection in Qatar

L. J. Abu-Raddad et al.

Summary: A study in Qatar showed that booster vaccination significantly reduced the incidence of infection with the omicron variant, providing strong protection against Covid-19-related hospitalization and death. Booster effectiveness was observed for both mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, with lower infection rates and reduced severity of cases among those who received the booster dose.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Fourth Dose of BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine in a Nationwide Setting

Ori Magen et al.

Summary: The use of a fourth dose of BNT162b2 vaccine in Israel starting on January 3, 2022, has shown significant reductions in infection rate, symptomatic infection, hospitalization, and Covid-19-related deaths by February 18.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of a Fourth Dose of Covid-19 mRNA Vaccine against Omicron

Gili Regev-Yochay et al.

Summary: Health care workers in Israel received a fourth dose of mRNA vaccine during the prevalence of the omicron variant. The fourth dose boosted antibody levels but did not surpass the maximum observed after the third dose. The vaccine demonstrated an efficacy of 31 to 43% against symptomatic disease.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Short term, relative effectiveness of four doses versus three doses of BNT162b2 vaccine in people aged 60 years and older in Israel: retrospective, test negative, case-control study

Sivan Gazit et al.

Summary: This study examined the effectiveness of a fourth dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine compared to three doses over a 10-week period. The results showed that the fourth dose provided additional protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19 disease in the first three weeks. However, the relative effectiveness of the fourth dose against infection decreased over time.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Seroprevalence of Infection-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies — United States, September 2021–February 2022

Kristie E.N. Clarke et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Infections, Hospitalizations, and Deaths Among US Nursing Home Residents With vs Without a SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Booster

Kevin W. McConeghy et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the association between receipt of a SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine booster and the prevention of infection, hospitalization, or death among nursing home residents. The results showed that booster vaccination was associated with significant reductions in SARS-CoV-2 infections, hospitalizations, and the combined end point of hospitalization or death. These findings suggest that administering vaccine boosters to nursing home residents may play an important role in preventing COVID-19-related morbidity and mortality.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

Article Immunology

Relative effectiveness of booster vs. 2-dose mRNA Covid-19 vaccination in the Veterans Health Administration: Self-controlled risk interval analysis

Caroline Korves et al.

Summary: This study aimed to compare the relative effectiveness of booster mRNA Covid-19 vaccination versus the 2-dose primary series for both Delta and Omicron variants. The results showed that booster vaccination was more effective during the Delta and Omicron predominant periods compared to the 2-dose primary series.

VACCINE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Waning effectiveness of the third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine

Tal Patalon et al.

Summary: In this retrospective study, the authors demonstrate a significant waning of mRNA vaccine effectiveness against the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2 infection within a few months after administration of the third dose of the BioNTech/Pfizer BNT162b2 vaccine.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of a fourth dose of covid-19 mRNA vaccine against the omicron variant among long term care residents in Ontario, Canada: test negative design study

Ramandip Grewal et al.

Summary: This study estimated the marginal effectiveness of a fourth dose compared to a third dose of mRNA covid-19 vaccines and the vaccine effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 vaccines against the omicron variant. The results showed that a fourth dose improved protection against infection, symptomatic infection, and severe outcomes. Vaccine effectiveness increased with each additional dose.

BMJ-BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL (2022)

Article Immunology

Comparative Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccines Among US Medicare Beneficiaries Ages 65 Years and Older During the 2019-2020 Season

Hector S. Izurieta et al.

Summary: In this study, we analyzed the relative vaccine effectiveness of different types of influenza vaccines in preventing hospital encounters among Medicare beneficiaries aged >= 65 years during the 2019-2020 season. The results showed that recombinant quadrivalent vaccine was moderately more effective than other vaccines during the season, while high-dose trivalent and adjuvanted trivalent vaccines were more effective than quadrivalent vaccines, emphasizing the contributions of antigen amount and adjuvant use to vaccine effectiveness.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine for preventing severe outcomes in Israel: an observational study

Noam Barda et al.

Summary: A study using data from Israel's largest health-care organization showed that a third dose of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine is effective in preventing individuals from severe COVID-19-related outcomes, compared to receiving only two doses at least 5 months ago. The effectiveness of the third dose in preventing hospital admission was 93%, severe disease 92%, and COVID-19-related death 81%.

LANCET (2021)

Article Immunology

The test-negative design for estimating influenza vaccine effectiveness

Michael L. Jackson et al.

VACCINE (2013)