Population-Level Strategies for Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir Prescribing-A Cost-effectiveness Analysis

Article Immunology

Impact of the Use of Oral Antiviral Agents on the Risk of Hospitalization in Community Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients (COVID-19)

Terry Cheuk-Fung Yip et al.

Summary: A study on community patients in Hong Kong found that the use of nirmatrelvir/ritonavir was associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization, while molnupiravir did not show this effect.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nirmatrelvir Plus Ritonavir for Early COVID-19 in a Large US Health System A Population-Based Cohort Study

Scott Dryden-Peterson et al.

Summary: The EPIC-HR trial showed that nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir significantly reduced hospitalization or death among unvaccinated outpatients with early COVID-19. However, it's uncertain whether this treatment has the same effect on vaccinated populations. This study aimed to assess the risk reduction of nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir in hospitalization or death among outpatients with early COVID-19 who already had SARS-CoV-2 immunity and immune-evasive SARS-CoV-2 lineages.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2023)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Oral Nirmatrelvir for High-Risk, Nonhospitalized Adults with Covid-19

Jennifer Hammond et al.

Summary: In high-risk, unvaccinated adults, treatment of Covid-19 with nirmatrelvir plus ritonavir can significantly reduce the risk of hospitalization and death, with good safety profile.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

COVID-19–Associated Hospitalizations Among Adults During SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron Variant Predominance, by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status — COVID-NET, 14 States, July 2021–January 2022

Christopher A. Taylor et al.

MMWR-MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY WEEKLY REPORT (2022)

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Letter Immunology

Safety and Tolerability of Paxlovid (Nirmatrelvir/Ritonavir) in High-risk Patients

Bryan Pesko et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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News Item Medicine, General & Internal

From Positive to Negative to Positive Again-The Mystery of Why COVID-19 Rebounds in Some Patients Who Take Paxlovid

Rita Rubin

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Ensuring Widespread and Equitable Access to Treatments for COVID-19

Ashwin Vasan et al.

Summary: This article discusses the medical interventions and public health approaches that have been implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, with a specific focus on New York City.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2022)

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Article Infectious Diseases

Real-world effectiveness of early molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir- ritonavir in hospitalised patients with COVID-19 without supplemental oxygen requirement on admission during Hong Kong's omicron BA.2 wave: a retrospective cohort study

Carlos K. H. Wong et al.

Summary: This retrospective cohort study evaluated the clinical and virological outcomes associated with molnupiravir or nirmatrelvir-ritonavir use in hospitalised patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. The results showed that recipients of oral antivirals had a lower risk of all-cause mortality, disease progression, need for oxygen therapy, and a shorter time to reaching a low viral burden. The study supports the early use of oral antivirals in this population of patients.

LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Nirmatrelvir Use and Severe Covid-19 Outcomes during the Omicron Surge

Ronen Arbel et al.

Summary: The study showed that among patients aged 65 years or older, the rates of hospitalization and death due to Covid-19 were significantly lower among those who received nirmatrelvir compared to those who did not. However, no evidence of benefit was found in younger adults.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Estimated Effectiveness of COVID-19 Vaccines Against Omicron or Delta Symptomatic Infection and Severe Outcomes

Sarah A. Buchan et al.

Summary: A study conducted in Ontario, Canada, found that the incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, including among individuals who have received 2 doses of COVID-19 vaccine, increased significantly following the emergence of the Omicron variant. The study estimated the effectiveness of 2 or 3 doses of COVID-19 vaccine against symptomatic infections and severe outcomes associated with Omicron and Delta variants. The results showed that the estimated effectiveness decreased for symptomatic Delta infection after the second dose, but increased to 97% after the third dose. For symptomatic Omicron infection, the estimated effectiveness was relatively low, but increased to 61% after the third dose. The estimated effectiveness against severe outcomes was high after the third dose for both variants.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Recurrence of Symptoms Following a 2-Day Symptom Free Period in Patients With COVID-19

Davey M. Smith et al.

JAMA NETWORK OPEN (2022)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in older adults in Colombia: a retrospective, population-based study of the ESPERANZA cohort

Leonardo Arregoces-Castillo et al.

Summary: This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines in preventing hospitalization and death in adults aged 60 and older in Colombia. The results showed that all analyzed vaccines were effective in preventing hospitalization and death. This is a promising outcome for the national vaccination program and other countries using these vaccines. Efforts should be made to improve vaccine coverage among older adults, and booster doses should be considered for this age group.

LANCET HEALTHY LONGEVITY (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Inpatient Hospital Costs for COVID-19 Patients in the United States

Robert L. Ohsfeldt et al.

Summary: Analysis of COVID-19 hospitalization data revealed the costs, length of stay, and discharge status of patients, with factors such as age, race, comorbidities, and treatments affecting outcomes. Significant decreases in hospital and ICU costs and length of stay were observed from April to December 2020, with a higher percentage of hospital discharges to home towards the end of the year. These findings provide valuable insights for economic models, disease burden forecasts, and healthcare resource planning.

ADVANCES IN THERAPY (2021)

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Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Stark choices: exploring health sector costs of policy responses to COVID-19 in low-income and middle-income countries

Sergio Torres-Rueda et al.

Summary: The costs of COVID-19 clinical management vary greatly by country, ranging from <0.1%-12% of GDP and 0.4%-223% of total annual health expenditure. Without mitigation policies, COVID-19 clinical management costs per capita range from US$43.39 to US$75.57; in 22 of 76 LMICs, these costs would surpass total annual health expenditure.

BMJ GLOBAL HEALTH (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Patient Characteristics and Costs Associated With COVID-19-Related Medical Care Among Medicare Fee-for-Service Beneficiaries

Yuping Tsai et al.

Summary: This study examined the characteristics and medical costs of older adults with COVID-19 in the United States, finding that 4.2% of Medicare FFS beneficiaries sought COVID-19-related medical care, with direct medical costs totaling $6.3 billion, mostly for hospitalizations. Male sex and non-White race/ethnicity were associated with higher probability of hospitalization and higher medical costs.

ANNALS OF INTERNAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

U.S. population at increased risk of severe illness from COVID-19

Ezimamaka Ajufo et al.

Summary: Analysis of NHANES data from 2015-2018 showed that 75.4% of U.S. adults had at least one increased-risk condition for severe COVID-19 infection. Additionally, 40.3% had two or more conditions, with 69.2% of adults under 65 also estimated to be at increased-risk.

AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PREVENTIVE CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences