Recent advances in the effects of dietary polyphenols on inflammation in vivo: potential molecular mechanisms, receptor targets, safety issues, and uses of nanodelivery system and polyphenol polymers

High dietary intake of dietary polyphenols is associated with a decreased risk of chronic diseases, especially in inflammation. However, mechanisms responsible for their anti-inflammatory effect in vivo are still not fully understood. Many animal studies showed the beneficial effects of polyphenols on inflammation, but in clinical trials the results were variable, some of them are negative. Despite the initial successes demonstrated in animal and early clinical trials regarding the safety and efficacy of polyphenols, a number of challenges, problems, and unanswered questions remain. This review briefly summarizes recent research investigating the effects of dietary polyphenols on inflammation and metabolic disorders in vivo. Biological activities and general anti-inflammatory mechanisms, certain receptor targets, and recent clinical evidences of polyphenols are fully discussed. Safety issues, potential uses of nanodelivery system and polyphenol polymers, and directions for future research are also briefly discussed.

Automated summary

A high dietary intake of polyphenols is associated with a reduced risk of chronic diseases, particularly those related to inflammation. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for their anti-inflammatory effects in the body are not yet fully understood. While animal studies have shown positive effects of polyphenols on inflammation, clinical trials have produced variable results, with some even showing negative outcomes. This review summarizes recent research on the effects of dietary polyphenols on inflammation and metabolic disorders in vivo, including their biological activities, general anti-inflammatory mechanisms, receptor targets, clinical evidence, safety concerns, potential use of nanodelivery systems and polyphenol polymers, and directions for future research.