Journal
PHARMACEUTICS
Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122663
Keywords
phenolic acids; oral absorption; oral pharmacokinetics; water solubility; stability; intestinal permeability
Categories
Funding
- Coordenacao de Aperfeicoamento de Pessoal de Nivel Superior-Brasil (CAPES) [001]
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq) [317458/2021-3]
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This review article discusses new findings and important factors/obstacles for the oral administration of hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs), including their water solubility, gastrointestinal stability, and processes of oral absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME).
Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) such as caffeic acid (CA), chlorogenic acid (CGA), coumaric acid (COA) isomers, ferulic acid (FA) and rosmarinic acid (RA) are natural phenolic acids with widespread distribution in vegetal foods and well-documented pharmacological activities. However, the low bioavailability of HCAs impairs their administration by the oral route. The present review addresses new findings and important factors/obstacles for their oral administration, which were unexplored in the reviews published a decade ago concerning the bioavailability of phenolic acids. Based on this, the article aims to perform an updated review of the water solubility and gastrointestinal stability of HCAs, as well as describe their oral absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion (ADME) processes by in vitro, ex vivo, in situ and in vivo methods.
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