Flexible PolyCMUTs: Fabrication and Characterization of a Flexible Polymer-Based Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasonic Array for Conformal Ultrasonography

Conventional ultrasound transducers are short and rigid, which limits their applications, especially in the area of musculoskeletal imaging where many of the structures to be imaged lie within long curved anatomical structures, such as limbs. In such cases, conformal ultrasound imaging can be advantageous. This paper presents a process for fabricating 1D and 2D flexible polymer-based capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (flexible CMUTs). As a proof of concept, all elements of a 32-element linear flexible array are shown to be functional (100% yield) and uniform in fundamental resonant frequency (SD = 1.8%). One-way and two-way acoustic responses during immersion tests in flat, convex, and concave array configurations (radii of curvature = 3 cm) show an average fractional bandwidth of 83% and 75%, respectively, across these bending conditions. The flexible array shows no signal drop after over 100 bending cycles and only 6% variation in pulse amplitude after over 14 h of continuous operation. Finally, the resulting transducers are shown to operate at up to 15 MHz. The findings demonstrate robust operation of flexible CMUT arrays and justify further development targeted at key imaging applications, particularly in the area of diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions.

Automated summary

Conventional ultrasound transducers are limited in their applications due to their short and rigid nature, especially in musculoskeletal imaging. This paper introduces a process for fabricating flexible polymer-based CMUTs, which show promising results in terms of functionality and performance. The findings demonstrate the potential of these flexible CMUT arrays in diagnosing musculoskeletal conditions and justify further development in this area.