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Chromosome Inequality: Causes and Consequences of Non-Random Segregation Errors in Mitosis and Meiosis

Journal

CELLS
Volume 11, Issue 22, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11223564

Keywords

mitosis; meiosis; chromosomal instability; non-random segregation errors; cancer; embryo; development; aneuploidy

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Funding

  1. Cancer Genomics Centre
  2. European Research Council [ERC-SyG 855158]
  3. Dutch Cancer Society (KWF Kankerbestrijding)

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Aneuploidy, caused by chromosome segregation errors during cell divisions, is a significant factor in cancer and miscarriages in humans. Recent progress in understanding the prevalence and causes of non-random chromosome segregation errors has important implications for cancer and human reproduction.
Aneuploidy is a hallmark of cancer and a major cause of miscarriages in humans. It is caused by chromosome segregation errors during cell divisions. Evidence is mounting that the probability of specific chromosomes undergoing a segregation error is non-random. In other words, some chromosomes have a higher chance of contributing to aneuploid karyotypes than others. This could have important implications for the origins of recurrent aneuploidy patterns in cancer and developing embryos. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the prevalence and causes of non-random chromosome segregation errors in mammalian mitosis and meiosis. We evaluate its potential impact on cancer and human reproduction and discuss possible research avenues.

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