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Development and In Vitro Differentiation of Schwann Cells

Journal

CELLS
Volume 11, Issue 23, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells11233753

Keywords

differentiation; glia; hiPSC; MSC; neural crest; Schwann cells; stem cells; tissue engineering

Categories

Funding

  1. Albert und Anneliese Konanz-Stiftung
  2. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)
  3. German Federal Ministry of Research (BMBF)
  4. Innovation Partnership M2Aind
  5. project M2OGA [NST 874/9-1]
  6. project Drugs4Future
  7. [13FH8I05IA]
  8. [03FH8I02IA]

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This article provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, supports the comparison and refinement of protocols, and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.
Schwann cells are glial cells of the peripheral nervous system. They exist in several subtypes and perform a variety of functions in nerves. Their derivation and culture in vitro are interesting for applications ranging from disease modeling to tissue engineering. Since primary human Schwann cells are challenging to obtain in large quantities, in vitro differentiation from other cell types presents an alternative. Here, we first review the current knowledge on the developmental signaling mechanisms that determine neural crest and Schwann cell differentiation in vivo. Next, an overview of studies on the in vitro differentiation of Schwann cells from multipotent stem cell sources is provided. The molecules frequently used in those protocols and their involvement in the relevant signaling pathways are put into context and discussed. Focusing on hiPSC- and hESC-based studies, different protocols are described and compared, regarding cell sources, differentiation methods, characterization of cells, and protocol efficiency. A brief insight into developments regarding the culture and differentiation of Schwann cells in 3D is given. In summary, this contribution provides an overview of the current resources and methods for the differentiation of Schwann cells, it supports the comparison and refinement of protocols and aids the choice of suitable methods for specific applications.

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