Journal
CANCERS
Volume 14, Issue 24, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cancers14246088
Keywords
chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity; chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy; chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment; chemofog; chemobrain; immune-checkpoint inhibitors neurotoxicity
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Cancer survivors may experience neurological complications after anticancer therapy, including chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity and cognitive impairment. Immunotherapy can also lead to severe neurological immune-related adverse events. Although there is some understanding on this topic, effective treatments are still lacking.
Simple Summary Cancer survivors can experience neurological complications after exposure to anticancer therapy. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity (CIPN), mainly consisting of sensory loss and neuropathic pain in hands and feet, is most commonly encountered. Cognitive impairment, although less frequent, is also a severe adverse event, significantly diminishing patients' quality of life. The introduction of immunotherapy has resulted in durable remissions in several types of solid tumor malignancies, although severe neurological immune-related adverse events involving both the central and peripheral nervous system can occur in up to 10% of patients. We herein describe what it is currently known on the topic, and provide directions for future neuroprotection and symptomatic treatment studies. Various neurological complications, affecting both the central and peripheral nervous system, can frequently be experienced by cancer survivors after exposure to conventional chemotherapy, but also to modern immunotherapy. In this review, we provide an overview of the most well-known adverse events related to chemotherapy, with a focus on chemotherapy induced peripheral neurotoxicity, but we also address some emerging novel clinical entities related to cancer treatment, including chemotherapy-related cognitive impairment and immune-mediated adverse events. Unfortunately, efficacious curative or preventive treatment for all these neurological complications is still lacking. We provide a description of the possible mechanisms involved to drive future drug discovery in this field, both for symptomatic treatment and neuroprotection.
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