Fetal Brain Tumors, a Challenge in Prenatal Diagnosis, Counselling, and Therapy

Fetal brain tumors are a rare entity with an overall guarded prognosis. About 10% of congenital brain tumors are diagnosed during fetal life. They differ from the postnatally encountered pediatric brain tumors with respect to location and tumor type. Fetal brain tumors can be benign or malignant and infiltrate or displace adjacent brain structures. Due to their high mitotic rate, they can show rapid growth. Outcome depends on age of diagnosis, size, and histological tumor type. Findings like polyhydramnios and macrocephaly encountered on routine ultrasound are frequently associated. Detailed prenatal anomaly scan and subsequent fetal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may identify the brain tumor and its severity. Both maternal and fetal prognosis should be included in prenatal counselling and decision making.

Automated summary

Fetal brain tumors are rare and have a poor prognosis. They differ from pediatric brain tumors in terms of location and tumor type. They can be benign or malignant and can invade or displace nearby brain structures. Their rapid growth is due to a high mitotic rate. The age of diagnosis, size, and histological tumor type are factors that determine the outcome. Polyhydramnios and macrocephaly are often associated findings on routine ultrasound. Prenatal counseling and decision making should consider both maternal and fetal prognosis.