Journal
JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE
Volume 12, Issue 3, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jcm12031228
Keywords
retinopathy of prematurity; oxygen-associated retinopathy of prematurity; oxygen; global health; ophthalmology; global ophthalmology; childhood blindness; pediatric blindness; retrolental fibroplasia; oxygen-induced retinopathy
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Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a major cause of childhood blindness and its epidemiologic determinants and distributions vary worldwide. The Third Edition of the International Classification of ROP (ICROP3) recognizes that aggressive ROP can occur in larger preterm infants in low-resource settings with unmonitored oxygen supplementation. Recognizing characteristic retinal pathology in preterm infants exposed to unmonitored supplemental oxygen is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment, especially in sub-Saharan Africa where ROP is becoming an epidemic.
Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a leading cause of childhood blindness. Not only do the epidemiologic determinants and distributions of patients with ROP vary worldwide, but clinical differences have also been described. The Third Edition of the International Classification of ROP (ICROP3) acknowledges that aggressive ROP (AROP) can occur in larger preterm infants and involve areas of the more anterior retina, particularly in low-resource settings with unmonitored oxygen supplementation. As sub-specialty training programs are underway to address an epidemic of ROP in sub-Saharan Africa, recognizing characteristic retinal pathology in preterm infants exposed to unmonitored supplemental oxygen is important to proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper describes specific features associated with various ROP presentations: oxygen-induced retinopathy in animal models, traditional ROP seen in high-income countries with modern oxygen management, and ROP related to excessive oxygen supplementation in low- and middle-income countries: oxygen-associated ROP (OA-ROP).
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