Quantum vortex formation in the rotating bucket experiment with polariton condensates

The appearance of quantized vortices in the classical rotating bucket experiments of liquid helium and ultra -cold dilute gases provides the means for fundamental and comparative studies of different superfluids. Here, we realize the rotating bucket experiment for optically trapped quantum fluid of light based on exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate in semiconductor microcavity. We use the beating note of two frequency-stabilized single-mode lasers to generate an asymmetric time-periodic rotating, nonresonant excitation profile that both injects and stirs the condensate through its interaction with a background exciton reservoir. The pump-induced external rotation of the condensate results in the appearance of a corotating quantized vortex. We investigate the rotation frequency dependence and reveal the range of stirring frequencies (from 1 to 4 GHz) that favors quantized vortex formation. We describe the phenomenology using the generalized Gross-Pitaevskii equation. Our results enable the study of polariton superfluidity on a par with other superfluids, as well as deterministic, all-optical control over structured nonlinear light.

Automated summary

In this study, the rotating bucket experiment was realized for the optically trapped quantum fluid of light based on the exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensate in a semiconductor microcavity. The appearance of quantized vortices was observed, providing a means for fundamental studies of different superfluids.