Trends in epidemiology of hyperglycemia in pregnancy in Taiwan, 2008-2017

BackgroundHyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) increases the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. The increasing prevalence of overweight or obesity and the increasing proportion of pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) in the recent decade may affect its prevalence. We analyzed the secular trend of HIP prevalence in 2008-2017 in Taiwan and investigated the impact of AMA in this study. MethodsThis cross-sectional study used data from Health and Welfare Data Science Center. Pregnant women who registered their data in the Birth Certificate Application in 2008-2017 were recruited. Diagnosis of HIP was defined by ICD-9-CM and ICD-10-CM codes. ResultsIn 2008-2017, 151,306-211,768 pregnant women were recruited in different years. The proportion of women with AMA increased from 15.8% to 32.1%. Meanwhile, the prevalence increased from 0.5% to 0.9% for preexisting diabetes, 0.2% to 0.4% for undiagnosed diabetes, and 11.4% to 14.5% for GDM. Maternal age was significantly associated with the prevalence of HIP. For women aged <30 years, 30-34 years and >= 35 years, the prevalence of preexisting diabetes were 0.51%, 0.75% and 1.24%, respectively (p<0.05); the prevalence of undiagnosed diabetes were 0.18%, 0.24% and 0.37%, respectively (p<0.05); and the prevalence of GDM were 10.57%, 14.77% and 18.13%, respectively (p<0.05). In all age groups, the prevalence of HIP increased over time in 2008-2017. ConclusionThe prevalence of HIP increased in Taiwan in 2008-2017, which may result from the increasing proportion of pregnant women with AMA and the change in the diagnostic criteria for GDM.

Automated summary

This study analyzed the secular trend of hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) prevalence in Taiwan from 2008 to 2017. The results showed that the prevalence of HIP has been increasing during this period, which may be influenced by the increasing proportion of pregnant women with advanced maternal age (AMA) and changes in the diagnostic criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).