Wet Synthesis of Graphene-Polypyrrole Nanocomposites via Graphite Intercalation Compounds

Graphene-polypyrrole (GP) nanocomposites were synthesized by a wet-way protocol using a graphite bisulfate (GBS) precursor. Consequently, GBS, a type of graphite intercalation compound, was prepared in the presence of concentrated sulfuric acid in the presence of a potassium periodate oxidizer. Three different types of graphite precursor with particle sizes of <50 mu m, >= 150, <= 830 mu m, and <= 2000 mu m were used for this purpose. It was found that in the Raman spectra of GBS samples, the characteristic D band, which is caused by defects in the graphene layer, disappears. Therefore, the proposed synthesis protocol of GBS could be considered as a prospective intermediate stage in the preparation of graphene with low defect concentration. In contrast to alkali metal intercalation, the intercalation process involving anions with a relatively complex structure (e.g., HSO4-), which has been much less studied and requires further research. On the basis of the results obtained, structural models of graphite intercalation compounds as well as GP nanocomposites were discussed. The most relevant areas of application for GP nanocomposites, including energy storage and (bio)sensing, were considered. This work contributes to the development of cost-effective, scalable, and highly efficient intercalation methods, which still remain a significant challenge.

Automated summary

In this study, graphene-polypyrrole nanocomposites were synthesized via a wet-way protocol using a graphite bisulfate precursor. It was discovered that the proposed synthesis method could produce graphene with low defect concentration. The research on anion intercalation involving relatively complex structures, such as HSO4-, is still limited and requires further investigation. This study contributes to the development of cost-effective, scalable, and highly efficient intercalation methods.