Module-Level Performance Evaluation for a Smart PV System Based on Field Conditions

This study presents an approach with a simple structure, low complexity and low costs to evaluate the real-time status and localize the faults of a smart PV system at module level based on field conditions. The performance evaluation approach of a PV system is developed through the defined performance indicators, a complex data matrix to track module locations and a thermal model to determine the module temperature. The generalization potential of the proposed approach has been demonstrated through the successful experiment validation. The results show that the performance indicators are greatly corrected by the estimated module temperature with great linear agreement in R-2 of 0.922 compared to actual measured temperature under same conditions. Due to the effective performance indicators capturing more performance differences caused by faults of cracks in 0.22 of PV_Delta V, partial shading in 0.47 of PV_Delta V, broken sensors in 0.17 of PI_Delta I and 1 of PV_Delta V separately, the proposed approach is very effective in evaluating the performance of PV modules at module level. Meanwhile, the faulty modules are diagnosed and located through these findings and the data matrix in the smart PV system. Additionally, the sensitivity of the proposed approach to fault in cracks is much higher than that of monitoring only the power.

Automated summary

This study presents a simple and low-cost approach to evaluate the real-time status and localize faults of a smart PV system at module level. The performance evaluation approach is developed using performance indicators, a data matrix, and a thermal model. The potential of the approach is demonstrated through successful experiments. The approach is effective in evaluating module-level performance and diagnosing faulty modules, especially for cracks.