Superplastic Behavior of Overaged 2024 Aluminum Alloy after Friction Stir Processing

A commercial 2024 aluminum alloy was heat treated at 280 degrees C for 48 h and then slow cooled in a furnace to obtain minimum hardness. This material was then friction stir processed (FSP) using three sets of processing conditions. To study the effect of the processing on the microstructure and the high temperature mechanical properties, the materials were tested in tension at an initial strain rate of 10(-2) s(-1) and temperature range 200 to 450 degrees C. Processing severity was selected as the main factor for obtaining fine grain sizes right after FSP. The grain size was enormously reduced from about 50 mu m to 1 mu m. This grain reduction gave rise to very high elongations to failure of about 400%. Strain-rate-change tests showed a stress exponent close to 2 at intermediate strain rates, which was related to grain boundary sliding as the controlling deformation mechanism and to superplasticity, which is strongly grain-size dependent. A possible controlling deformation mechanism by solute-drag creep, as proposed by other authors, was disregarded since tests conducted at 450 degrees C, where the microstructure of the FSP materials coarsens rapidly, gave a low elongation to failure and high resistance, which showed the importance of the grain size dependence of the operative deformation mechanism at 250-400 degrees C, which was only compatible with grain boundary sliding.

Automated summary

A commercial 2024 aluminum alloy was heat treated and friction stir processed (FSP) to study the effect on microstructure and high temperature mechanical properties. The grain size reduction resulted in high elongation to failure and grain boundary sliding as the dominant deformation mechanism at elevated temperatures.