Chronic cough and cough hypersensitivity: from mechanistic insights to novel antitussives

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy and safety of gefapixant, a P2X3 receptor antagonist, in refractory chronic cough and unexplained chronic cough (COUGH-1 and COUGH-2): results from two double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trials

Lorcan P McGarvey et al.

LANCET (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

COVID-19 symptoms are reduced by targeted hydration of the nose, larynx and trachea

Carolin Elizabeth George et al.

Summary: Dehydration of the upper airways can increase respiratory droplet generation, while hydration of the airways with calcium-rich hypertonic salts helps reduce the risks of respiratory diseases.

SCIENTIFIC REPORTS (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Cough Presentation and Cough-Related Healthcare Utilization in Tertiary Care: Analysis of Routinely Collected Academic Institutional Database

Jin An et al.

Summary: This study used an academic institutional electronic health records database to examine the clinical characteristics and healthcare utilization of patients with chronic cough in Korea. The study found that cough was a common chief complaint at allergy and asthma clinics, and patients with chronic cough often required additional tests and long-term healthcare utilization.

LUNG (2022)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Cough hypersensitivity and chronic cough

Kian Fan Chung et al.

Summary: Chronic cough is a prevalent and challenging condition with various underlying causes. It is associated with cough hypersensitivity, characterized by excessive coughing in response to stimuli, resulting in significant impact on patients' quality of life. Advances in understanding the mechanisms of cough hypersensitivity have led to the development of new therapies for chronic cough in adults. Personalized treatment approaches and phenotyping cough patients may hold promise for future management.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Prevalence and burden of chronic cough in China: a national cross-sectional study

Kewu Huang et al.

Summary: The prevalence of chronic cough is high in China, particularly in individuals aged 50 and above and those diagnosed with COPD or SAD. Chronic cough is associated with a poorer health status, with varying degrees of impact depending on age and disease diagnosis.

ERJ OPEN RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Longitudinal passive cough monitoring and its implications for detecting changes in clinical status

Juan C. Gabaldon-Figueira et al.

Summary: This study investigates the impact of duration of cough monitoring on its accuracy. The results show that individual cough patterns are stochastic and estimating changes in cough frequency is complicated by significant stochastic variability within and between days. Limiting observation to 24 hours can lead to inaccurate estimates, particularly for individuals with small changes in cough rate.

ERJ OPEN RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Respiratory System

Assessing cough symptom severity in refractory or unexplained chronic cough: findings from patient focus groups and an international expert panel

Elena Kum et al.

Summary: This study aimed to develop a new patient-reported outcome measure for assessing cough severity, and the domains and items were determined through discussions among an expert panel and patients.

ERJ OPEN RESEARCH (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Exhaled aerosol increases with COVID-19 infection, age, and obesity

David A. Edwards et al.

Summary: This study observed and experimented on 194 healthy human subjects and 8 nonhuman primates, finding that COVID-19 infection and elevated BMI-years lead to an increase in exhaled respiratory droplets. Furthermore, 18% of human subjects accounted for 80% of the exhaled bioaerosol generated, resembling a 20:80 superspreader distribution of infection.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Letter Respiratory System

Performance of a digital signal processing algorithm for the accurate quantification of cough frequency

Jaclyn A. Smith et al.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Critical Care Medicine

Confronting COVID-19-associated cough and the post-COVID syndrome: role of viral neurotropism, neuroinflammation, and neuroimmune responses

Woo-Jung Song et al.

Summary: Cough is a common symptom of COVID-19 and can persist for weeks or even months after infection, leading to long-term effects known as post-COVID syndrome. Researchers hypothesize that neurotropic pathways may be responsible for cough hypersensitivity state after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and neuroinflammatory events in the brain could contribute to the development of post-COVID syndrome. There are gaps in understanding the mechanisms of acute and chronic COVID-19 associated cough and post-COVID syndrome, but potential ways to reduce the impact of COVID-19 by controlling cough are being considered.

LANCET RESPIRATORY MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Allergy

Prevalence and Burden of Chronic Cough in the United States

Eli O. Meltzer et al.

Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of chronic cough and its impact on individuals and the healthcare system in the United States. Findings showed that individuals with chronic cough had lower health-related quality of life, increased anxiety and depression, impaired work productivity, sleep quality, and higher healthcare utilization compared to matched controls.

JOURNAL OF ALLERGY AND CLINICAL IMMUNOLOGY-IN PRACTICE (2021)

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Article Respiratory System

Cough symptom severity in patients with refractory or unexplained chronic cough: a systematic survey and conceptual framework

Elena Kum et al.

Summary: This study identified and summarized 61 eligible studies reporting on the experience of patients with chronic cough, revealing 82 potential items related to cough severity. The urge-to-cough sensation and the cough symptom itself represented the main domains of cough severity.

EUROPEAN RESPIRATORY REVIEW (2021)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology