Journal
GENES
Volume 13, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/genes13122322
Keywords
transmission ratio distortion; chromosome X; recombination; bovine
Categories
Funding
- Canadian Beef Cattle Check-Off [FDE.13.17]
- Beef Cattle Research Council (BCRC)
- Alberta Beef Producers
- Alberta Cattle Feeders' Association
- Beef Farmers of Ontario
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada's Canadian Agricultural Partnership
- NSERC (Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council)
- La Federation des Productuers de bovins du Quebec
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This study discovered the phenomenon of transmission ratio distortion (TRD) on the X-chromosome and revealed different TRD patterns and functional candidate genes.
Transmission ratio distortion (TRD), or significant deviations from Mendelian inheritance, is a well-studied phenomenon on autosomal chromosomes, but has not yet received attention on sex chromosomes. TRD was analyzed on 3832 heterosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 400 pseudoautosomal SNPs spanning the length of the X-chromosome using 436,651 genotyped Holstein cattle. On the pseudoautosomal region, an opposite sire-TRD pattern between male and female offspring was identified for 149 SNPs. This finding revealed unique SNPs linked to a specific-sex (Y- or X-) chromosome and describes the accumulation of recombination events across the pseudoautosomal region. On the heterosomal region, 13 SNPs and 69 haplotype windows were identified with dam-TRD. Functional analyses for TRD regions highlighted relevant biological functions responsible to regulate spermatogenesis, development of Sertoli cells, homeostasis of endometrium tissue and embryonic development. This study uncovered the prevalence of different TRD patterns across both heterosomal and pseudoautosomal regions of the X-chromosome and revealed functional candidate genes for bovine reproduction.
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