Applications of In Situ Raman Spectroscopy on Rechargeable Batteries and Hydrogen Energy Systems

The rapid growth of the economy promotes the increasing demand for energy, which accelerates resource shortage and environmental pollution issues caused by fossil fuel combustion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage (EECS) techniques such as rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolysis have provided promising solutions for addressing these issues. However, their further electrochemical performance improvement is still challenging due to the lack of understanding of their reaction mechanisms. Therefore, in situ tracking these electrochemical processes to capture the intermediates for mechanism verification is significant. In this review, recent work on in situ Raman spectroscopy applications on EECS systems is summarized with emphasis on the intermediates capturing capability of this technique for reaction mechanism elucidation. We aim to elucidate the underlying reaction mechanism to provide guidelines for the design of high-efficiency electrocatalysts for fuel cells and water electrolysis and the advanced electrode materials for rechargeable batteries

Automated summary

The rapid economic growth leads to increased demand for energy, resulting in resource scarcity and environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel combustion. Electrochemical energy conversion and storage techniques such as rechargeable batteries, fuel cells, and water electrolysis offer promising solutions to these issues. However, improving their electrochemical performance is still challenging due to limited understanding of their reaction mechanisms. Therefore, in situ tracking and capturing intermediates for mechanism verification is significant.