Ionic Liquid Modified SPION@Chitosan as a Novel and Reusable Superparamagnetic Catalyst for Green One-Pot Synthesis of Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-dione Derivatives in Water

In this paper, the chitosan-functionalized ionic liquid is modified with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to form a novel and reusable catalyst (SPION@CS-IL), which was carried out using an ultrasonic promoted approach. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) are some of the techniques that are used to fully characterize SPION@CS-IL. The created nanoparticles were discovered to be a reusable heterogeneous superparamagnetic catalyst for the environmentally friendly one-pot synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives using a simple three-component reaction approach involving thiobarbituric acid, 4-hydroxy coumarin, and various aromatic aldehydes. The method is studied by performing the reaction under ultrasonic irradiation, while the approach is a green method, it uses water as the solvent. The isolated yields of the synthesized products are very advantageous. The catalyst has outstanding reusability and is easily removed from the products via filtration (5 runs). Short reaction times, low catalyst loadings, the nanocatalyst's capacity to be recycled five times, and the absence of harmful chemical reagents are all significant benefits of this environmentally benign process.

Automated summary

In this study, chitosan-functionalized ionic liquid modified with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles was successfully synthesized as a novel and reusable catalyst (SPION@CS-IL) using ultrasonic promoted approach. The catalyst was fully characterized by various techniques including TEM, VSM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, and TGA. The created nanoparticles showed excellent reusability as a heterogeneous superparamagnetic catalyst for the environmentally friendly one-pot synthesis of pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivatives. The method utilized ultrasonic irradiation and water as the solvent, resulting in short reaction times, low catalyst loadings, and advantageous yields of the synthesized products.