Effects of Sodium Salinity on Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivation: A Review

Sodium salinity negatively affects and reduces yields in international agricultural systems. This stress decreases crop growth and development, causing tissue death, flowering abortion, and senescence of the fertilized embryo, and negatively affects enzymatic activity, protein synthesis, among other processes. Rice is a cereal of great international demand for its nutritional properties and its productivity is affected by the presence of salts in agricultural surfaces. The objective of this article is to review the main effects of sodium salinity on morpho-physiological characteristics in rice cultivation. For the design and strategy of the information search, a methodology was followed to compile and summarize the existing studies on the effects of sodium salinity on this crop. The results of this search showed that sodium salts cause poor root growth, chlorosis, leaf curling and leaf scorching in this cereal; it also induces stomatal closure, inhibits photosynthesis, alters cell metabolism, causes oxidative stress in the crop, influences spikelet sterility and grain yield, among other effects.

Automated summary

Sodium salinity has a negative impact on international agricultural systems, leading to reduced yields. This stress hinders crop growth and development, causing tissue death, flower abortion, and embryo senescence, while also affecting enzymatic activity and protein synthesis among other processes. Rice, a highly demanded cereal crop, is also affected by the presence of salts in agricultural soils. This article aims to review the main effects of sodium salinity on morpho-physiological characteristics in rice cultivation. The results show that sodium salts inhibit root growth, cause chlorosis, leaf curling, and leaf scorching, as well as induce stomatal closure, photosynthesis inhibition, altered cell metabolism, oxidative stress, spikelet sterility, and reduced grain yield.