4.6 Review

Policy Review and Regulatory Challenges and Strategies for the Sustainable Mangrove Management in Zanzibar

Journal

SUSTAINABILITY
Volume 15, Issue 2, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/su15021557

Keywords

mangrove management; conservation policies; regulatory framework; mangrove governance; community-based management; coastal communities; population growth

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The aim of this study is to examine the challenges of policies, regulatory framework, and strategies for sustainable mangrove management in Zanzibar from 1890 to present. The study collected both primary and secondary data, with secondary data including a review of previous policies, legal documents, reports, and articles, while primary data was collected through focus group discussions and interviews. The study found that colonial government neglect led to severe degradation of mangrove forests, while post-independence policies were not sufficient for promoting sustainable use. The study proposes the need for inclusive and diverse regulations and harmonization of conflicting laws and responsibilities between government departments for effective conservation and management of mangroves.
The aim of this study was to examine the challenges of the policies and regulatory framework and strategies for the sustainable mangrove management in Zanzibar, from 1890 to present. The study collected both primary and secondary data. The secondary data were collected through the a review of previous policies, legal documents, by laws, ministry/department reports, research reports, newspapers and articles. The primary data were mainly collected through focus group discussions (FGDs) and semi-structured interviews. The study found that, before Zanzibar became a British protectorate in 1890, the forests were communally managed with the guidance of forest guardians, chiefs and elders. The colonial government enacted a number of land administration laws, policies, and arrangements aimed at conserving the natural resources, including the mangrove forests. From 1930 to the end of the Second World War (WWII), mangrove forests were severely degraded because the colonial government paid little attention to their conservation and management. The policy arrangements put in place after independence, such as the National Forest Conservation and Management Act of 1996, laid the legal groundwork for the introduction of the participation of the local communities in the conservation of mangroves. However, they were not sufficient enough to promote the sustainable use of mangrove forests. This study proposes that there is a need for more inclusive and diverse regulations. Furthermore, for the effective conservation and management of mangroves, conflicting laws and responsibilities between government departments should be harmonized.

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