Journal
ATMOSPHERE
Volume 13, Issue 11, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/atmos13111858
Keywords
carbonaceous aerosol; chemical components; source apportionment
Funding
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province
- Training Programme for Academic and Technical Leaders of Major Disciplines in Jiangxi Province
- [42265011]
- [52064037]
- [20202BAB204030]
- [20212BCJL23054]
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PM2.5 samples were collected in a rural area in Shandong from January to February 2022. The carbon components and water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were analyzed, revealing the distribution characteristics and sources of carbonaceous aerosols. The study found high concentrations of PM2.5, with organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) accounting for significant proportions. The analysis indicated that PM2.5 was influenced by both local combustion and mobile sources, with primary and secondary sources in Shandong Province having a major impact. Understanding the characteristics and sources of air pollution in the region is of great importance.
PM2.5 samples were collected for 15 consecutive days in a rural area in Shandong from January to February 2022. The carbon components and water-soluble ions in PM2.5 were measured, and the distribution characteristics and sources of the carbonaceous aerosols were analysed. It was found that the concentrations of PM2.5 in the region were high in winter (55.79-236.11 mu g/m(3)). Organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC) accounted for 11.61% and 4.57% of PM2.5, respectively. The average concentrations of OC (19.01 mu g/m(3)) and EC (7.49 mu g/m(3)) in PM2.5 were high. The mean value of secondary organic carbon (SOC), estimated by the minimum R squared (MRS) method, was 14.76 mu g/m(3), accounting for a high proportion of OC (79.41%). Four OC fractions (OC1, OC2, OC3, and OC4) were significantly correlated with SOC, indicating that the OC components contained a large amount of SOC. OC3, OC4, EC1, and OC2 dominated (accounting for 80% of TC) among the eight carbon fractions. Water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC, 12.82 mu g/m(3)) and methanol-soluble organic carbon (MSOC) (16.28 mu g/m(3)) accounted for 67.47% and 84.99% of OC, respectively, indicating that SOC accounted for a high proportion of OC. The proportion of eight water-soluble ions in PM2.5 was 47.48%. NH4+ can neutralise most of the SO42- and NO3-, forming (NH4)(2)SO4 and NH4NO3, while Cl- mainly exists in the form of KCl and MgCl2. The ratios of some typical components showed that PM2.5 was not only affected by local combustion sources, but also by mobile sources. The cluster analysis results of the backward trajectory model showed that primary and secondary sources in Shandong Province had a great impact on PM2.5 (64%). The analysis results of the positive matrix factorisation (PMF) model showed that the sources of PM2.5 in the region included mobile sources, primary combustion sources, secondary sources, and dust sources, among which secondary sources contributed the most (60.46%).
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