What are Sertoli cells? Historical, methodological, and functional aspects

Sertoli cells are somatic cells that are in close contact with germ cells in the mammalian testes. They have multiple functions and fulfill key roles for the development and proper maturation of spermatogenic cells into functional spermatozoa. One of their most important properties is to release trophic factors and supply nutrients to germ cells. But they are also involved in the regulation of the immune system in testis, and provide an immunologically privileged environment for developing germ cells. Because they are so essential for reproductive cells, their alterations can have detrimental consequences for fertility. Many environmental factors and exposures such as high caloric diet, toxins, and pollutants are thought to compromise Sertoli cells physiology. This review describes the discovery of Sertoli cells and the methods used for their study, summarizes their major properties and functions, and describes their dysfunctions in pathologies, particularly associated with environmental stressors.

Automated summary

Sertoli cells are somatic cells in the testes that play crucial roles in the development and maturation of spermatozoa. They provide trophic factors and nutrients to germ cells, regulate the immune system in testis, and create an immunologically privileged environment for developing germ cells. Environmental factors such as diet and pollutants can negatively impact the function of Sertoli cells and fertility.