Cyclic Polycarbonates by N-Heterocyclic Carbene-Mediated Ring- Expansion Polymerization and Their Selective Depolymerization to Monomers

Cyclic polymers exhibit physical properties that are distinct from their linear analogues. However, syntheses of cyclic polymers from macrocyclic structures with chemical recycling to achieve ring-to-ring transformations with high selectivities and yields remain a challenge. This is because regeneration of macrocyclic monomers through a ring-closing strategy without using chemical auxiliaries is not thermodynamically favored. Therefore, in this study, we reported the syntheses of an array of cyclic polycarbonates through zwitterionic ring-opening polymer-ization (ZROP) of macrocyclic carbonates (MCs) having long aliphatic segments mediated by N-heterocyclic carbene (1,3-dimethylimidazol-2-ylidene, Me-NHC) at ambient temperature. A kinetic study revealed that ZROP of all macrocyclic carbonates exhibited slow initiation at low conversion (<20 mol %), while it showed fast propagation at higher conversion (20 mol %). It was found that cyclic polycarbonates with high molecular weights (up to 147.9 kg center dot mol-1) depicted significant improvement in thermostabilities (Td5% = 335-348 degrees C) in comparison to linear carbonates (Td5% = 210-338 degrees C). Moreover, MCs were regenerated through thermal depolymerization from cyclic polycarbonate products at 270-280 degrees C for 12-24 h showing high selectivities (93- 99 mol %) and yields (90%-95%), which helped in achieving a closed loop of a polycarbonate stream.

Automated summary

This study presents a method for synthesizing cyclic polycarbonates through zwitterionic ring-opening polymerization (ZROP) of macrocyclic carbonates, mediated by N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC). The synthesized cyclic polycarbonates exhibited improved thermostabilities compared to linear carbonates and the macrocyclic monomers could be regenerated through thermal depolymerization, achieving a closed loop of polycarbonate stream.