Cellular polyploidy in organ homeostasis and regeneration

Polyploid cells, which contain more than one set of chromosome pairs, are very common in nature. Polyploidy can provide cells with several potential benefits over their diploid counterparts, including an increase in cell size, contributing to organ growth and tissue homeostasis, and improving cellular robustness via increased tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. Here, we focus on why polyploidy in the cell occurs and which stress responses and molecular signals trigger cells to become polyploid. Moreover, we discuss its crucial roles in cell growth and tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, and other tissues.

Automated summary

Polyploid cells, containing more than one set of chromosome pairs, are common in nature. They provide cells with several advantages, including increased cell size, organ growth, tissue homeostasis, and enhanced tolerance to genomic stress and apoptotic signals. This article focuses on the reasons for polyploidy, the stress responses and molecular signals involved, as well as its crucial roles in cell growth and tissue regeneration in the heart, liver, and other tissues.