Journal
POLYMERS
Volume 14, Issue 22, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/polym14225019
Keywords
rigid foam; non-isocyanate polyurethane; tannic acid; chitosan
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A bio-based non-isocyanate polyurethane (NIPU) with improved thermal stability and flame resistance was developed by adding glutaraldehyde and different carboxylic acids to obtain a foamed structure. Compared to conventional PU foam, this material shows higher heat resistance and flame retardant properties.
Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile and widespread, particularly as flexible and rigid foams. To avoid isocyanates and other toxic reagents required for synthesis, such as phosgene, alternative synthetic routes have been utilized to produce non-isocyanate polyurethanes (NIPUs). A thermally and flame-resistant rigid NIPU was produced from environmentally benign and bio-sourced ingredients, requiring no catalyst or solvents. A foamed structure was obtained by the addition of glutaraldehyde and four different carboxylic acids: malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and aconitic acid. The resulting morphology, thermal degradation, and flame resistance of each foam were compared. The properties vary with each carboxylic acid used, but in each case, peak thermal degradation and peak heat release are postponed by >100 degrees C compared to commercial rigid PU foam. Furthermore, in a butane torch test, NIPU foams exhibit an 80% higher remaining mass and a 75% reduction in afterburn time, compared to commercial polyurethane. This bio-based polyurethane eliminates the hazards of traditional PUs, while imparting inherent thermal stability and flame resistance uncharacteristic of conventional foams.
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