Journal
CELL REPORTS
Volume 41, Issue 6, Pages -Publisher
CELL PRESS
DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111616
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Funding
- Medical Research Council UK [MC_UU_12024/1, MC_UU_00003/6]
- Wellcome Trust [209120/Z/17/Z]
- Wellcome Trust [209120/Z/17/Z] Funding Source: Wellcome Trust
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Closed-loop interaction regulates ongoing brain activity by binding external stimulation to specific neural circuit dynamics. By delivering stimulation aligned with each cycle, oscillatory brain activity can be maintained in a desired state, allowing for modulation of behavior.
Closed-loop interaction has the potential to regulate ongoing brain activity by continuously binding an external stimulation to specific dynamics of a neural circuit. Achieving interactive modulation requires a stable brain-machine feedback loop. Here, we demonstrate that it is possible to maintain oscillatory brain activity in a desired state by delivering stimulation accurately aligned with the timing of each cycle. We develop a fast algorithm that responds on a cycle-by-cycle basis to stimulate basal ganglia nuclei at predetermined phases of successive cortical beta cycles in parkinsonian rats. Using this approach, an equilibrium emerges between the modified brain signal and feedback-dependent stimulation pattern, leading to sustained amplification or suppression of the oscillation depending on the phase targeted. Beta amplification slows movement speed by biasing the animal's mode of locomotion. Together, these findings show that highly responsive, phase-dependent stimulation can achieve a stable brain-machine interaction that leads to robust modulation of ongoing behavior.
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