Stress and coping strategies among parents of children with cancer at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital paediatric oncology unit, Ethiopia: a phenomenological study

ObjectiveThis study explores sources of stress, conditions that help reduce stress levels and coping strategies among parents of children with cancer receiving chemotherapy at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH) in Ethiopia.DesignA qualitative phenomenological approach was used.SettingParents of children receiving chemotherapy at the TASH paediatric oncology unit.ParticipantsFifteen semistructured in-depth interviews were conducted with nine mothers and six fathers of children with cancer from November 2020 to January 2021.ResultsSources of stress related to child's health condition as the severity of the child's illness, fear of treatment side effects and loss of body parts were identified. Parents mentioned experiencing stress arising from limited access to health facilities, long waiting times, prolonged hospital stays, lack of chemotherapy drugs, and limited or inadequate information about their child's disease condition and treatment. Other sources of stress were insufficient social support, stigmatisation of cancer and financial problems. Conditions decreasing parents' stress included positive changes in the child's health, receiving cancer treatment and access to drugs. Receiving counselling from healthcare providers, getting social support and knowing someone who had a positive treatment outcome also helped reduce stress. Coping strategies used by parents were religious practices including prayer, crying, accepting the child's condition, denial and communication with health providers.ConclusionThe main causes of stress identified by parents of children with cancer in Ethiopia were the severity of their child's illness, expectations of poor treatment outcomes, unavailability of cancer treatment services and lack of social/financial support. Measures that should be considered to reduce parents' stress include providing psycho-oncological care for parents and improving the counselling available to parents concerning the nature of the child's illness, its treatment, diagnostic procedures and treatment side effects. It may also be helpful to establish and strengthen family support groups and parent-to-parent communication, improve the availability of chemotherapy drugs and offer more education on coping strategies.

Automated summary

This qualitative study explored the sources of stress, conditions for reducing stress, and coping strategies among parents of children with cancer receiving chemotherapy in Ethiopia. The sources of stress identified included the severity of the child's illness, fear of treatment side effects, and loss of body parts. Limited access to health facilities, long waiting times, lack of chemotherapy drugs, and inadequate information about the child's disease and treatment also caused stress. Positive changes in the child's health, receiving cancer treatment and access to drugs were identified as conditions that can reduce parents' stress. Coping strategies used by parents included religious practices, crying, accepting the child's condition, denial, and communication with healthcare providers.