Effect of Isothermal Holding at 750 °C and 900 °C on Microstructure and Properties of Cast Duplex Stainless Steel Containing 24% Cr-5% Ni-2.5% Mo-2.5% Cu

Changes in the microstructure and selected mechanical properties of two-phase ferritic-austenitic cast steel containing 24% Cr-5% Ni-2.5% Mo-2.5% Cu after isothermal holding at 750 degrees C and 900 degrees C are presented. The choice of the two temperatures of isothermal holding was dictated by the precipitation of brittle phases within a range of 600 degrees C-950 degrees C, while the holding time depended on the casting cooling time in the mould. Changes in the microstructure were studied by the SEM-EDS and XRD techniques. As a result of the decomposition of the eutectoid ferrite, a sigma phase that was rich in Cr, Mo, and Ni and a secondary gamma(2) austenite with Widmannstatten morphology were formed. Compared to the austenite, the chemical composition of the secondary gamma(2) austenite showed depletion of Cr and Mo. In the ferrite, the presence of Cr2N nitrides was also detected. After a holding time of 3 h at 900 degrees C, these phases increased the hardness of the tested cast steel to approximately 275 HV10. At the same time, the UTS value was recorded to decrease with the increasing temperature based on the tensile test results. At 750 degrees C, the value of UTS was 250 MPa for 1 h of holding and 345 MPa for 3 h of holding. These values decreased after increasing the temperature to 900 degrees C and amounted to 139 for 1 h holding and 127 MPa for 3 h holding. It was also found that the elongation values at 750 degrees C ranged from 7-10%, while they amounted to 35-37% at 900 degrees C. A fracture analysis of the tested cast steel showed that in the prevailing part, the fractures were made of ductile nature with an arrangement of dimples that is typical for this type of fracture. Non-metallic inclusions that are typical for cast steel (i.e., oxides and nitrides) were also found in the area of the fractures.

Automated summary

This study investigates the changes in microstructure and mechanical properties of two-phase ferritic-austenitic cast steel after isothermal holding at 750 degrees C and 900 degrees C. The results show that holding at 900 degrees C leads to increased hardness and elongation, but decreased ultimate tensile strength compared to holding at 750 degrees C.