Development of natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) based on choline chloride as a green solvent to extract phenolic compound from coffee husk waste

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) has been successfully used as a green alternative for the extraction of polyphenolic compounds (phenolic) from coffee husk waste. The NADES was produced by combining b the choline chloride compound with glycerol, glucose, citric acid, and proline. Furthermore, it was characterized using FTIR with the appearance of a widening hydroxyl peak at a wave number of 3277-3364 cm -1, indicating the presence of hydrogen bond interactions. The results showed that the best composition of NADES solvent was choline chloride and proline ratio of 1:1, providing an extraction yield of 5.88 mg GAE g-1 with a polyphenol concentration in NADES of 294.02 mg/L. Optimum extraction conditions were carried out with the addition of 50 % water, extraction time of 30 min, and the ratio of sample weight to solvent volume (1:10), obtaining a yield of 6.16 mg GAE g-1 and the concentration of polyphenols in NADES of 307.81 mg/L. The effect of temperature on the extraction process can increase the extract yield under conditions at 80 degrees C with a yield of 10.07 mg GAE g-1 and a polyphenol concentration of 671.4 mg/L. The chlorogenic acid group of polyphenolic compounds was identified using HPLC at a retention time of 3.454 min with a concentration of 63 mg/L. Based on the results, NADES can be use as a green solvent for extracting active compounds from coffee husk waste. These extract can safely be applied to various medicinal and food products.(c) 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

NADES is used as a green solvent for extracting polyphenolic compounds from coffee husk waste. The best composition of NADES solvent is choline chloride and proline in a ratio of 1:1, resulting in a polyphenol concentration of 294.02 mg/L.