4.8 Article

Updated vaccine protects against SARS-CoV-2 variants including Omicron (B.1.1.529) and prevents transmission in hamsters

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.
Article Pharmacology & Pharmacy

The omicron (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant of concern does not readily infect Syrian hamsters

Rana Abdelnabi et al.

Summary: The infectivity of the omicron variant in hamsters was found to be lower than that of the ancestral D614G strain, with a significant decrease in viral RNA load in the lungs and no detectable infectious virus in this organ. Histopathological examination of the lungs from omicron-infected hamsters revealed no signs of peri-bronchial inflammation or bronchopneumonia.

ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Immune imprinting, breadth of variant recognition, and germinal center response in human SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination

Katharina Roltgen et al.

Summary: During the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, different vaccines have been used globally. This study compares the antibodies generated by mRNA vaccines, infection, and other types of vaccines. It shows that mRNA vaccines result in a better antibody breadth against viral variants compared to infection. Infection leads to variant-specific antibodies, while mRNA vaccination imprints responses towards the original virus strain. mRNA vaccines also stimulate robust germinal centers in lymph nodes, enhancing the immune response.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Transmission from vaccinated individuals in a large SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant outbreak

Katherine J. Siddle et al.

Summary: An outbreak of COVID-19 cases in Provincetown, Massachusetts in July 2021, primarily affecting vaccinated individuals, was caused by the Delta variant. Genomic and epidemiological data indicated multiple transmissions of Delta among fully vaccinated individuals. Despite the large-scale outbreak, it had limited onward impact due to high vaccination rates and a robust public health response.
Review Virology

The global epidemic of SARS-CoV-2 variants and their mutational immune escape

Dandan Tian et al.

Summary: During the COVID-19 pandemic, various variants of SARS-CoV-2 have emerged, showing increased infectivity and immune escape, posing new challenges to epidemic prevention and control.

JOURNAL OF MEDICAL VIROLOGY (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Breakthrough infections with SARS-CoV-2 omicron despite mRNA vaccine booster dose

Constanze Kuhlmann et al.

LANCET (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Omicron neutralising antibodies after third COVID-19 vaccine dose in patients with cancer

Annika Fendler et al.

LANCET (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Considerable escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron to antibody neutralization

Delphine Planas et al.

Summary: The Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2, identified in November 2021, has spread rapidly worldwide and shows resistance to most therapeutic monoclonal antibodies and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, it can be neutralized by antibodies generated by a booster vaccine dose.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Rapid epidemic expansion of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant in southern Africa

Raquel Viana et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in southern Africa has experienced three distinct waves, driven by different variants. The recently identified Omicron variant has rapidly spread in South Africa and to numerous countries, raising global concern.

NATURE (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 Omicron virus causes attenuated disease in mice and hamsters

Peter J. Halfmann et al.

Summary: The recent study by the SAVE/NIAID network shows that the B.1.1.529 Omicron variant causes milder lung disease in rodents, which is consistent with preliminary human clinical data.

NATURE (2022)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Three exposures to the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 by either infection or vaccination elicit superior neutralizing immunity to all variants of concern

Paul R. Wratil et al.

Summary: This study reports on the dynamics of neutralizing antibodies in individuals convalescing from coronavirus disease 2019 or who are vaccine-naive and subsequently vaccinated. The findings suggest that infection-plus-vaccination-induced hybrid immunity or triple immunization can induce high-quality antibodies with superior neutralization capacity against variants of concern, including omicron.

NATURE MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Effectiveness of BNT162b2 Vaccine against Omicron Variant in South Africa

Shirley Collie et al.

Summary: Preliminary data from a test-negative study design in South Africa showed that two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine had an efficacy of 50 to 70% against hospitalization caused by the omicron variant in Gauteng province.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Challenges in Inferring Intrinsic Severity of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant

Roby P. Bhattacharyya et al.

Summary: While Omicron's spread in South Africa has resulted in fewer hospitalizations and deaths per documented case compared to previous waves, caution should be exercised when making inferences about Omicron's intrinsic severity using population-level observations.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Predicting the mutational drivers of future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

M. Cyrus Maher et al.

Summary: This study predicts future variants of SARS-CoV-2 by analyzing various factors affecting its evolution, including ACE2-mediated transmissibility and host immunity. The researchers successfully identified mutations that will emerge in different phases of the pandemic and assessed their impact on therapeutic antibodies. This modeling approach has important implications for predicting emerging variants of SARS-CoV-2 and can be applied to other rapidly evolving pathogens.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

Letter Immunology

Neutralization of Variant Under Investigation B.1.617.1 With Sera of BBV152 Vaccinees

Pragya D. Yadav et al.

CLINICAL INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2022)

Article Microbiology

Identification of the First SARS-CoV-2 Lineage B.1.1.529 Virus Detected in Europe

Bert Vanmechelen et al.

Summary: We report the first confirmed case of an infection with the Omicron variant in Europe, identified from a Belgian patient who recently traveled to Egypt.

MICROBIOLOGY RESOURCE ANNOUNCEMENTS (2022)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection associated with emergence of Omicron in South Africa

Juliet R. C. Pulliam et al.

Summary: This study provides two methods for monitoring reinfection trends in routine surveillance data. The results suggest immune evasion by the Omicron variant in previously infected individuals in South Africa, and there has been an increase in the risk of having a third infection since mid-November 2021.

SCIENCE (2022)

Article Cell Biology

Delta spike P681R mutation enhances SARS-CoV-2 fitness over Alpha variant

Yang Liu et al.

Summary: This study reports that the P681R mutation in the Delta spike plays a crucial role in the replacement of the Alpha variant by the Delta variant during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Delta variant outcompetes the Alpha variant in human lung cells and airway tissues. The P681R mutation enhances the cleavage of the spike protein, leading to increased replication of the Delta variant.

CELL REPORTS (2022)

Article Microbiology

Timing of exposure is critical in a highly sensitive model of SARS-CoV-2 transmission

Ketaki Ganti et al.

Summary: This study investigates the factors affecting the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, including exposure timing, temperature, and humidity. The research shows that even a one-hour exposure can lead to robust transmission. The timing of exposure relative to infection is a critical determinant of transmission success, with little or no spread occurring before 16 hours or after 48 hours post-infection. The infectious viral titers in the nasal tract are strongly correlated with the likelihood of transmission.

PLOS PATHOGENS (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Increased resistance of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant to neutralization by vaccine-elicited and therapeutic antibodies

Takuya Tada et al.

Summary: This study found that the Omicron variant has significantly reduced sensitivity to neutralization by vaccines and vaccine-elicited antibodies. However, a booster immunization can enhance the neutralizing effect against Omicron. In addition, individuals with a history of prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed increased neutralizing activity against Omicron. Different monoclonal antibodies showed varying effectiveness against the Omicron variant.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Live-attenuated YF17D-vectored COVID-19 vaccine protects from lethal yellow fever virus infection in mouse and hamster models

Ji Ma et al.

Summary: This study demonstrates that the YF-S0 vaccine can induce strong humoral and cellular immunity against yellow fever virus (YFV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in mice and hamsters, providing full protection against YFV infection and SARS-CoV-2 strain B1.1.7 (Alpha variant) infection. Importantly, strong pre-existing immunity against the YF17D vector does not interfere with the efficacy of YF-S0 vaccination.

EBIOMEDICINE (2022)

Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Original Antigenic Sin: How Original? How Sinful?

Jonathan W. Yewdell et al.

Summary: Original antigenic sin (OAS) is a phenomenon in antibody responses to influenza A virus infection or vaccination, which depends on multiple variables. It is not a sin, but rather a part of evolutionary selection that can help improve influenza virus vaccines.

COLD SPRING HARBOR PERSPECTIVES IN MEDICINE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

A single-dose live-attenuated YF17D-vectored SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate

Lorena Sanchez-Felipe et al.

Summary: The candidate vaccine YF-S0, utilizing the YF17D vaccine as a vector to express noncleavable prefusion form of the SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen, showed excellent safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in animal models. It induced high levels of neutralizing antibodies, provided protective immunity against SARS-CoV-2, and prevented infection in hamsters and macaques. A single dose was able to confer protection from lung disease in most vaccinated hamsters within 10 days, highlighting the potential of YF-S0 as a potent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidate.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Stabilizing the closed SARS-CoV-2 spike trimer

Jarek Juraszek et al.

Summary: Researchers have successfully created a stable variant of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein through structure-based design, with increased expression and correct folding predominantly in a closed prefusion conformation. This contributes to supporting vaccine development efforts.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

Article Microbiology

Comprehensive mapping of mutations in the SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain that affect recognition by polyclonal human plasma antibodies

Allison J. Greaney et al.

Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 may impact the recognition of the virus by human antibody-mediated immunity, with mutations affecting antibody binding varying significantly among individuals and within the same individual over time. Despite this variability, mutations that greatly reduce antibody binding usually occur at specific sites in the RBD, with E484 being the most crucial. These findings can inform surveillance efforts for SARS-CoV-2 evolution in the future.

CELL HOST & MICROBE (2021)

Editorial Material Medicine, General & Internal

Resurgence of COVID-19 in Manaus, Brazil, despite high seroprevalence

Ester C. Sabino et al.

LANCET (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 to mRNA vaccine-elicited antibodies

Dami A. Collier et al.

Summary: The B.1.1.7 variant of SARS-CoV-2 exhibited reduced neutralization by vaccines and antibodies from recovered COVID-19 patients, with a more substantial loss seen when introducing the E484K mutation. This mutation poses a threat to the efficacy of the BNT162b2 vaccine.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Antibody resistance of SARS-CoV-2 variants B.1.351 and B.1.1.7

Pengfei Wang et al.

Summary: The COVID-19 pandemic has had global repercussions, with promising vaccines and monoclonal antibody therapies. However, newly detected variants of SARS-CoV-2 present challenges to these treatment options.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 pseudovirus by BNT162b2 vaccine-elicited human sera

Alexander Muik et al.

Summary: A new SARS-CoV-2 lineage B.1.1.7 has emerged in the UK, which is more transmissible and faster spreading than other strains. However, a study found that the BNT162b2 vaccine offers largely preserved protection against the B.1.1.7 lineage, despite some reduced neutralizing titers.

SCIENCE (2021)

Review Immunology

SARS-CoV-2 vaccines strategies: a comprehensive review of phase 3 candidates

Nikolaos C. Kyriakidis et al.

Summary: The new SARS-CoV-2 virus is rapidly spreading worldwide, causing the COVID-19 pandemic with more than 1.866 million deaths. Over 64 vaccine candidates are being developed globally, aiming to induce antibodies to prevent viral entry. Thirteen vaccine candidates are currently in Phase 3 clinical trials, showing promising progress towards approval for large-scale immunizations.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

Review Oncology

SARS-CoV-2 Lineages and Sub-Lineages Circulating Worldwide: A Dynamic Overview

Eleonora Cella et al.

Summary: The SARS-CoV-2 virus, originating in Wuhan, China, rapidly spread globally, with advanced whole-genome sequencing technologies providing valuable insights into the virus's evolution and epidemiology during the pandemic. Monitoring global SARS-CoV-2 lineages is useful for specific diagnosis, better care, and timely treatment, while characterizing circulating lineages helps understand virus genetic diversity and dispersion dynamics.

CHEMOTHERAPY (2021)

Review Immunology

The Global Epidemic of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant, Key Spike Mutations and Immune Escape

Dandan Tian et al.

Summary: The Delta variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, first reported in India in October 2020 and classified as a variant of concern by the WHO in May 2021, is highly transmissible and associated with increased hospitalization, ICU admission, and mortality rates. It has become the dominant strain in many countries globally.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

News Item Medicine, General & Internal

COVID-19 Vaccines vs Variants-Determining How Much Immunity Is Enough

Rita Rubin

Summary: Efficiency of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants is still being studied.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Covid-19 Vaccine against the B.1.351 Variant

S. A. Madhi et al.

Summary: The ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine did not provide significant protection against mild-to-moderate Covid-19 caused by the B.1.351 variant, with an efficacy of 10.4%. The incidence of serious adverse events was balanced between the vaccine and placebo groups.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2021)

Article Immunology

Ad26.COV2.S protects Syrian hamsters against G614 spike variant SARS-CoV-2 and does not enhance respiratory disease

Joan E. M. van der Lubbe et al.

Summary: This study investigated the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and potential for vaccine-associated enhanced respiratory disease (VAERD) mediated by Ad26.COV2.S in a Syrian hamster challenge model with the G614 spike SARS-CoV-2 variant. Results showed that higher vaccine doses elicited substantial neutralizing antibodies titers and provided complete protection against lung infection and pneumonia in over 80% of Syrian hamsters inoculated with SARS-CoV-2.

NPJ VACCINES (2021)

Article Public, Environmental & Occupational Health

Changes in symptomatology, reinfection, and transmissibility associated with the SARS-CoV-2 variant B.1.1.7: an ecological study

Mark S. Graham et al.

Summary: The study showed that the B.1.1.7 variant did not result in changes in COVID-19 symptoms or duration of illness, and there was no significant increase in reinfection rate compared to previous variants.

LANCET PUBLIC HEALTH (2021)

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The emergence and ongoing convergent evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 N501Y lineages

Darren P. Martin et al.

Summary: The emergence of the 501Y lineages of SARS-CoV-2 in 2020 coincided with a global shift in selective forces acting on various genes, leading to repeated convergent mutations at 35 genome sites known as the 501Y meta-signature. This meta-signature includes multiple mutation combinations that promote the persistence of diverse SARS-CoV-2 lineages in the face of increasing host immune recognition.
Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

The origins of SARS-CoV-2: A critical review

Edward C. Holmes et al.

Summary: This article critically reviews the current scientific evidence to help clarify the origin of SARS-CoV-2. Recent debate has centered around two competing ideas: a laboratory escape scenario and zoonotic emergence.
Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination induces functionally diverse antibodies to NTD, RBD, and S2

Fatima Amanat et al.

Summary: After receiving the SARS-CoV-2 spike mRNA vaccine, individuals showed robust polyclonal antibody responses, with a majority of vaccine-induced antibodies lacking neutralizing activity. However, vaccine-induced RBD binding antibodies may offer substantial protection against viral variants carrying single E484K RBD mutations.
Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Protective efficacy of Ad26.COV2.S against SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 in macaques

Jingyou Yu et al.

Summary: The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine provides robust protection against the B.1.351 variant in rhesus macaques, despite generating lower neutralizing antibodies against B.1.351 compared to the WA1/2020 strain.

NATURE (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

BNT162b2-elicited neutralization of B.1.617 and other SARS-CoV-2 variants

Jianying Liu et al.

Summary: Serum samples from individuals vaccinated with the BNT162b2 vaccine can neutralize various SARS-CoV-2 variants, indicating mass immunization as a central strategy to end the global COVID-19 pandemic.

NATURE (2021)

Review Microbiology

SARS-CoV-2 variants, spike mutations and immune escape

William T. Harvey et al.

Summary: The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 has been characterized by the emergence of mutations and variants that impact virus characteristics. Manufacturers are preparing for possible updates to vaccines in response to changes in the virus population, and it is crucial to monitor genetic and antigenic changes alongside experiments to understand the impacts of mutations.

NATURE REVIEWS MICROBIOLOGY (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Original antigenic sin responses to Betacoronavirus spike proteins are observed in a mouse model, but are not apparent in children following SARS-CoV-2 infection

Stacey A. Lapp et al.

Summary: Murine exposure to HKU1 spike protein inhibited the development of neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, while the presence of HKU1 spike IgG antibodies in children with acute COVID-19 or MIS-C did not diminish neutralizing antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.

PLOS ONE (2021)

Article Cell Biology

Immunity elicited by natural infection or Ad26.COV2.S vaccination protects hamsters against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern

Lisa H. Tostanoski et al.

Summary: This study explored how mutations in spike proteins of different SARS-CoV-2 variants affect natural and vaccine-induced immunity, finding that primary infection with the WA1/2020 strain provided strong protection, while antibodies induced by the Ad26.COV2.S vaccine showed reduced neutralizing activity against the B.1.351 strain but still offered effective protection.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Comparing infectivity and virulence of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants in Syrian hamsters

Rana Abdelnabi et al.

Summary: The global COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in over 108 million infections and 2.4 million deaths within a year, with new variants of concern emerging. Research on prototypic VoC from B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants in hamsters revealed efficient infection of the lower respiratory tract and highlighted the need for assessing vaccine and therapeutic efficacy against these variants.

EBIOMEDICINE (2021)

Letter Immunology

Novel SARS-CoV-2 Variant in Travelers from Brazil to Japan

Takahisa Fujino et al.

Summary: Different variants of SARS-CoV-2 with higher transmission potential have been emerging globally, including one found in travelers from Brazil to Japan in January 2021, which carries an additional set of mutations.

EMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES (2021)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Pathogenesis and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in golden hamsters

Sin Fun Sia et al.

NATURE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Adaptation of SARS-CoV-2 in BALB/c mice for testing vaccine efficacy

Hongjing Gu et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Structure-based design of prefusion-stabilized SARS-CoV-2 spikes

Ching-Lin Hsieh et al.

SCIENCE (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity

Suzanne J. F. Kaptein et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2020)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

STAT2 signaling restricts viral dissemination but drives severe pneumonia in SARS-CoV-2 infected hamsters

Robbert Boudewijns et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2020)

Article Medicine, General & Internal

Influenza

Florian Krammer et al.

NATURE REVIEWS DISEASE PRIMERS (2018)

Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Mapping the antigenic and genetic evolution of influenza virus

DJ Smith et al.

SCIENCE (2004)