Journal
VIRUSES-BASEL
Volume 14, Issue 12, Pages -Publisher
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/v14122773
Keywords
defective interfering particles; defective viral genomes; influenza virus; viral replication; interferon; NS1; live attenuated influenza vaccine; clinical trial; antiviral
Categories
Funding
- National Natural Science Fund of China [32070932, 32170944]
- Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Jilin Province [20220402044GH]
- Science Research Project of the Education Department of Jilin Province [JJKH20211056KJ]
- Science and Technology Plan Project of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China [2020GG0233]
- Science and Technology Plan Project of Tongliao City, China
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This review summarizes the generation mechanisms and characteristics of influenza virus defective interfering particles (DIPs), and discusses the potential impact of DIPs on the immunogenicity of influenza vaccines and antiviral strategies.
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are particles containing defective viral genomes (DVGs) generated during viral replication. DIPs have been found in various RNA viruses, especially in influenza viruses. Evidence indicates that DIPs interfere with the replication and encapsulation of wild-type viruses, namely standard viruses (STVs) that contain full-length viral genomes. DIPs may also activate the innate immune response by stimulating interferon synthesis. In this review, the underlying generation mechanisms and characteristics of influenza virus DIPs are summarized. We also discuss the potential impact of DIPs on the immunogenicity of live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) and development of influenza vaccines based on NS1 gene-defective DIPs. Finally, we review the antiviral strategies based on influenza virus DIPs that have been used against both influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2. This review provides systematic insights into the theory and application of influenza virus DIPs.
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