Estimation of Groundwater Flow Rate by an Actively Heated Fiber Optics Based Thermal Response Test in a Grouted Borehole

The thermal response test (TRT) in an aquifer establishes a relationship between the groundwater flow rate and the recorded temperature response curve of temporal ground heating. A major challenge for achieving a mature hydrogeological field test is to minimize borehole effects by smart practical solutions of in situ heating and temperature sensing. When borehole effects are substantial, concepts are needed to separate their contribution to the recorded signal. This is especially the case when heating and sensing devices are installed in grouted boreholes as permanent testing stations. Interpretation of a recorded response curve thus means solving a transient heat transfer problem with radial conduction through composite media. Here, a series of numerical models are set up to study the effect of the grout and the jacket of an actively heated fiber-optic cable on the simulated thermal response measured along a heated borehole. The findings are utilized to further develop existing groundwater flow rate estimation procedures based on the moving infinite line source model. The developed approach is demonstrated in a case study in a borehole near a bank collapse site that penetrates different aquifer layers. Accordingly, significant local groundwater flow rates (9 x 10(-7)-5 x 10(-6) m & bull;& nbsp;s(-1)) are found that vary with depth. The values derived by the TRT interpretation closely match the expected rates (2 x 10(-6)-7 x 10(-6) m & bull;(& nbsp;)s(-1)), which supports the good applicability of the estimation procedure in the field.

Automated summary

The thermal response test (TRT) establishes a relationship between groundwater flow rate and temperature response curve. To minimize the borehole effects in the test, practical solutions for in situ heating and temperature sensing are needed. Numerical models were used to study the effect of grout and jacket on the simulated thermal response, and these findings were applied to develop groundwater flow rate estimation procedures. The developed approach was successfully applied in a case study, validating its applicability in the field.