Highly Efficient Removal of Cadmium by Sulfur-Modified Biochar: Process and Mechanism

The problems of biochar such as low adsorption capacity and slow adsorption rate limit its application in removing cadmium from water. However, the modification for enhancing the efficiency and expanding the application of biochar is a good way. In this paper, sulfur-modified biochar (SBC) derived from bagasse was prepared by impregnation pyrolysis at 500 ?. Sulfur was successfully loaded on the surface of biochar by SEM-EDS analysis and the specific surface area of SBC could be significantly increased by BET analysis. Batch experiments showed that the cadmium removal efficiency by SBC could reach more than 90% within 10 min, and the maximum adsorption capacity of cadmium was 268.2 mg g(-)(1), which was 22.35 times as high as that of unmodified biochar. Ion exchange with Na+, surface precipitation (CdCO3 and CdS), complexation with C-SH, S-O, and COOH, and electrostatic interaction were the main mechanisms by XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analysis.

Automated summary

In this paper, sulfur-modified biochar (SBC) derived from bagasse was prepared and its efficiency in removing cadmium from water was studied. The results showed that SBC could remove more than 90% of cadmium within 10 minutes and had a maximum adsorption capacity 22.35 times higher than unmodified biochar. ICP, SEM-EDS, BET, XRD, FT-IR, and XPS analyses revealed the mechanisms of cadmium removal by SBC.