A literature review of schistosomiasis in Ghana: a reference for bridging the research and control gap

Schistosomiasis is endemic in most sub-Saharan African countries, including Ghana, where the need for effective control involving preventive chemotherapy was indicated by the WHO. Mass drug administration commenced in 2008 and has continued since then in Ghana, but the country remains highly endemic. Here, we review the literature on schistosomiasis to identify research and knowledge gaps potentially affecting disease control. A total of 100 Ghana-related schistosomiasis literature sources were reviewed, showing that most studies were conducted on epidemiology, control of transmission and diagnosis. By contrast, many aspects of this disease remain neglected, including livestock schistosomiasis and its zoonotic potential, recent distribution of disease vectors or widely overlooked genital schistosomiasis. Stratified by region, the highest number of studies focus on Greater Accra, while studies are limited or absent for several other regions. Although this review shows apparent progress in terms of schistosomiasis research and control, a considerable amount of work remains to achieve at least a reduction in the prevalence of the disease, which affects a significant proportion of the population. National epidemiological data based on a nationwide survey, integrated control and improved monitoring and evaluation must be ensured.

Automated summary

Schistosomiasis has been extensively studied in Ghana, but there are research and knowledge gaps in areas such as livestock schistosomiasis and genital schistosomiasis. While studies have been conducted in Greater Accra and other regions, more efforts are needed to reduce the prevalence of the disease.