4.6 Article

Implementation of and Experimentation with Ground-Penetrating Radar for Real-Time Automatic Detection of Buried Improvised Explosive Devices

Journal

SENSORS
Volume 22, Issue 22, Pages -

Publisher

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/s22228710

Keywords

ground-penetrating radar; GPR; region-based convolutional neural network; R-CNN; improvised explosive devices; IED; automatic detection; ultra-wideband antenna; UWB antenna

Funding

  1. National Science and Technology Development Agency through the Thailand Graduate Institute of Science and Technology (TGIST) [SCA-CO-2559-2297-TH]
  2. King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok [KMUTNB-64-KNOW-45]

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This paper proposes the implementation and experimentation of GPR for real-time automatic detection of buried IEDs. The experiments demonstrate the superiority of the proposed GPR system in detecting the hyperbolic pattern compared to the conventional region analysis processing-based detection. Pre-processing is required to improve and clean the detected hyperbolic pattern.
This paper proposes the implementation of and experimentation with GPR for real-time automatic detection of buried IEDs. GPR, consisting of hardware and software, was implemented. A UWB antenna was designed and implemented, particularly for the operation of the GPR. The experiments were conducted in order to demonstrate the real-time automatic detection of buried IEDs using GPR with an R-CNN algorithm. In the experiments, the GPR was mounted on a pickup truck and a maintenance train in order to find the IEDs buried under a road and a railway, respectively. B-scan images were collected using the implemented GPR. R-CNN-based detection for the hyperbolic pattern, which indicates the buried IED, was performed along with pre-processing, for example, using zero offset removal, and background removal and filtering. Experimental results in terms of detecting the hyperbolic pattern in B-scan images were shown and verified that the proposed GPR system is superior to the conventional one using region analysis processing-based detection. Results also showed that pre-processing is required in order to improve and/or clean the hyperbolic pattern before detection. The GPR can automatically detect IEDs buried under roads and railways in real time by detecting the hyperbolic pattern appearing in the collected B-scan image.

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