Highly effective organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis of Clivia

Clivia miniata Regel. is a world-famous ornamental and medicinal plant species. Expanding the demand for commercial Clivia cultivation requires a reliable, highly efficient, stable system for reproduction. In this study, an efficient protocol for Clivia in vitro regeneration through somatic embryogenesis via a TCL technique was established. Clivia regeneration systems were optimized for commercial application. Under complete darkness, MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L NAA and 1.0 TDZ induced callus production from hypocotyls, and the callus induction rate was 25.58%. The calli were then transferred to MS media + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 0.5 mg/L TDZ media and allowed to grow for 60 days, and the callus proliferation rate reached 217%. Organogenic calli inoculated in MS media + 0.5 mg/L NAA + 2.0 mg/L BAP produced adventitious shoots, and the induction rate was 81.11%. The shoots were transferred to rooting media (1/2-strength MS media+0.5 mg/L NAA); they produced roots after 45 days, and the rooting rate was 100%. Moreover, somatic embryogenesis of Clivia could be directly induced by the use of 1 mm mot TCLs of in vitro plants. In the presence of 2.0 mg/L PIC, the formation of globular embryos could be directly induced from the vascular bundles of TCLs at 45 days after inoculation. An average of 10-16 globular embryos were induced per TCL. After approximately 4 months, the somatic embryos developed into plantlets. Our in vitro propagation protocol could be used for sustainable commercial utilization as well as conservation of Clivia bioresources.

Automated summary

In this study, an efficient in vitro regeneration protocol for Clivia miniata through somatic embryogenesis via a TCL technique was established. This protocol provides a reliable and stable system for sustainable commercial cultivation and conservation of Clivia bioresources.