Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium

Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Non-cell-autonomous disruption of nuclear architecture as a potential cause of COVID-19-induced anosmia

Marianna Zazhytska et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 infection causes downregulation of olfactory receptors and their signaling components, offering insights into its effects on olfaction and other systems.

CELL (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Multiple early factors anticipate post-acute COVID-19 sequelae

Yapeng Su et al.

Summary: Post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) is an emerging global crisis, and the quantifiable risk factors and biological associations are not well understood. In this study, a deep multi-omic investigation was conducted on 309 COVID-19 patients, and four PASC-anticipating risk factors were identified at the time of initial diagnosis. The study also observed changes in immune states during recovery from COVID-19.

CELL (2022)

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Article Genetics & Heredity

The UGT2A1/UGT2A2 locus is associated with COVID-19-related loss of smell or taste

Janie F. Shelton et al.

Summary: Multi-ancestry genome-wide analyses have identified variants near UGT2A1 and UGT2A2 genes that are associated with COVID-19-related loss of smell or taste. These genes are expressed in the olfactory epithelium and play a role in metabolizing odorants.

NATURE GENETICS (2022)

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Article Neurosciences

Integrated age-related immunohistological changes occur in human olfactory epithelium and olfactory bulb

Mira Fitzek et al.

Summary: Aging is associated with a gradual loss of olfactory sensory neurons, which results in a reduction in synaptic connections within the olfactory bulb. This loss of neurons and synapses occurs in a specific and uneven manner. Decreasing mitotically active olfactory epithelium basal cells may contribute to age-related decline in neurons and loss of smell perception in humans.

JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY (2022)

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Correction Immunology

Mild COVID-19 imprints a long-term inflammatory eicosanoid- and chemokine memory in monocyte-derived macrophages (vol 15, pg 515, 2022)

Sina Bohnacker et al.

MUCOSAL IMMUNOLOGY (2022)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 is associated with changes in brain structure in UK Biobank

Gwenaelle Douaud et al.

Summary: Through long-term observation of participants' MRI images, it was found that COVID-19 infection is associated with abnormal brain changes, including a reduction in gray matter thickness in the orbitofrontal cortex and parahippocampal gyrus, greater changes in markers of tissue damage in regions functionally connected to the primary olfactory cortex, and a greater reduction in global brain size. Infected individuals also showed significant cognitive decline.

NATURE (2022)

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Review Cell & Tissue Engineering

Modulation of the Regenerative Activity of Stem and Progenitor Cells by Immune Cells

Yasmin K. Alshoubaki et al.

Summary: The immune system has a significant impact on the regulation and regenerative activity of stem and progenitor cells. Understanding this interaction can lead to the development of more effective regenerative therapies. This review summarizes the effects of immune cell types on endogenous stem and progenitor cells, and discusses regenerative strategies that mimic immune components to enhance the regenerative capacity of both endogenous and transplanted stem cells.

STEM CELLS TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Cell Biology

SARS-CoV-2 infection in hamsters and humans results in lasting and unique systemic perturbations after recovery

Justin J. Frere et al.

Summary: This study compared the short- and long-term systemic responses after SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A virus (IAV) infection, and found that SARS-CoV-2 caused more severe and lasting lung and kidney damage compared to IAV. It also uniquely affected the olfactory bulb and olfactory epithelium. Despite viral clearance, the olfactory bulb and epithelium showed sustained transcriptional changes and correlated with behavioral changes, providing insights into the persistent symptoms of COVID-19.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2022)

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Article Medicine, Research & Experimental

Aging-related olfactory loss is associated with olfactory stem cell transcriptional alterations in humans

Allison D. Oliva et al.

Summary: This study identified inflammation-associated changes in the olfactory epithelium (OE) stem cells of presbyosmic patients, suggesting that these changes may contribute to olfactory loss by disrupting normal epithelial homeostasis. The findings suggest that OE stem cells could be a therapeutic target for restoring olfaction.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2022)

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Article Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Article Visualizing in deceased COVID-19 patients how SARS-CoV-2 attacks the respiratory and olfactory mucosae but spares the olfactory bulb

Mona Khan et al.

Summary: Anosmia, the loss of smell, is a common symptom of COVID-19, but it is caused by the virus attacking sustentacular cells in the olfactory mucosa rather than infecting olfactory sensory neurons. This suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is not a neurotropic virus.

CELL (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Six-Month Psychophysical Evaluation of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19

Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo et al.

Summary: This study found that as the time since virus infection increases, olfactory dysfunction becomes more common among patients, with a high percentage showing persistent dysfunction despite most patients subjectively reporting normal smell.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2021)

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Review Immunology

Gamma Delta T Cells and Their Involvement in COVID-19 Virus Infections

Georg von Massow et al.

Summary: The global outbreak of the SARS-Cov-2 virus in 2020 has caused significant impact, with T cells potentially playing an important role in the disease, especially gamma delta T cells.

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY (2021)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Phantosmia, Parosmia, and Dysgeusia Are Prolonged and Late-Onset Symptoms of COVID-19

Sophia E. Schambeck et al.

Summary: Qualitative changes in taste and smell can persist for several months after COVID-19 infection and may occur as late-onset symptoms months after full recovery, with no correlation found with serological and T-cell analysis.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Symptoms and Functional Impairment Assessed 8 Months After Mild COVID-19 Among Health Care Workers

Sebastian Havervall et al.

Summary: This study found that COVID-19-related symptoms can persist for 8 months among Swedish health care workers, and these symptoms have effects on their home, work, and social functions.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2021)

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Review Biochemistry & Molecular Biology

Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome

Ani Nalbandian et al.

Summary: SARS-CoV-2 is responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic, causing global healthcare crises. Recovery from COVID-19 may lead to persistent symptoms and long-term complications, prompting the need for multidisciplinary care and follow-up for survivors.

NATURE MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Reverse-transcribed SARS-CoV-2 RNA can integrate into the genome of cultured human cells and can be expressed in patient-derived tissues

Liguo Zhang et al.

Summary: Researchers have found that SARS-CoV-2 RNA may be reverse-transcribed and integrated into the DNA of human cells, leading to positive PCR results in patients even after infection and recovery. However, the integrated viral sequences mainly consist of subgenomic sequences, which cannot produce infectious virus.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2021)

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Article Cell Biology

COVID-19-related anosmia is associated with viral persistence and inflammation in human olfactory epithelium and brain infection in hamsters

Guilherme Dias de Melo et al.

Summary: Recent investigations have shown that olfactory and taste dysfunction are common in mildly symptomatic COVID-19 patients. Research on the olfactory neuroepithelium revealed that SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause local inflammation and lead to acute loss of smell, which may account for prolonged symptoms of COVID-19 such as anosmia.

SCIENCE TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE (2021)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and proteomic trajectories inform prognostication in COVID-19 patients admitted to intensive care

Clemens Gutmann et al.

Summary: Prognostic characteristics for ICU COVID-19 patients can be determined using blood samples, with RNAemia and pentraxin-3 identified as predictors of 28-day ICU mortality. Additionally, galectin-3-binding protein is found to interact with the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein and exhibit antiviral properties.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2021)

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Article Behavioral Sciences

Six-Month Psychophysical Evaluation of Olfactory Dysfunction in Patients with COVID-19

Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo et al.

Summary: This study prospectively assessed the 6-month prevalence of olfactory dysfunction in subjects with mild-to-moderate COVID-19. Despite most patients reporting a subjectively normal sense of smell, a high percentage of persistent smell dysfunction was observed at 6 months, highlighting a significant long-term rate of smell alteration in patients with previous SARS-CoV-2 infection.

CHEMICAL SENSES (2021)

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Article Biochemical Research Methods

NicheNet: modeling intercellular communication by linking ligands to target genes

Robin Browaeys et al.

NATURE METHODS (2020)

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Article Neurosciences

Single-cell analysis of olfactory neurogenesis and differentiation in adult humans

Michael A. Durante et al.

NATURE NEUROSCIENCE (2020)

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Article Immunology

Massive transient damage of the olfactory epithelium associated with infection of sustentacular cells by SARS-CoV-2 in golden Syrian hamsters

Bertrand Bryche et al.

BRAIN BEHAVIOR AND IMMUNITY (2020)

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Letter Medicine, General & Internal

Persistent Symptoms in Patients After Acute COVID-19

Angelo Carfi et al.

JAMA-JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Non-neuronal expression of SARS-CoV-2 entry genes in the olfactory system suggests mechanisms underlying COVID-19-associated anosmia

David H. Brann et al.

SCIENCE ADVANCES (2020)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-cell RNA sequencing unveils the shared and the distinct cytotoxic hallmarks of human TCRVδ1 and TCRVδ2 γδ T lymphocytes

Gabriele Pizzolato et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2019)

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Article Cell & Tissue Engineering

Chronic Inflammation Directs an Olfactory Stem Cell Functional Switch from Neuroregeneration to Immune Defense

Mengfei Chen et al.

CELL STEM CELL (2019)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Single-cell transcriptomics of human T cells reveals tissue and activation signatures in health and disease

Peter A. Szabo et al.

NATURE COMMUNICATIONS (2019)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

Integrating single-cell transcriptomic data across different conditions, technologies, and species

Andrew Butler et al.

NATURE BIOTECHNOLOGY (2018)

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Review Medicine, General & Internal

Langerhans-Cell Histiocytosis

Carl E. Allen et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2018)

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Article Geriatrics & Gerontology

Dose-Dependent Effects of Insulin-Like Growth Factor 1 in the Aged Olfactory Epithelium

Rumi Ueha et al.

FRONTIERS IN AGING NEUROSCIENCE (2018)

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Review Otorhinolaryngology

Olfactory Epithelium: Cells, Clinical Disorders, and Insights from an Adult Stem Cell Niche

Rhea Choi et al.

LARYNGOSCOPE INVESTIGATIVE OTOLARYNGOLOGY (2018)

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Review Neurosciences

Stem and progenitor cells of the mammalian olfactory epithelium: Taking poietic license

James E. Schwob et al.

JOURNAL OF COMPARATIVE NEUROLOGY (2017)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Notch1 maintains dormancy of olfactory horizontal basal cells, a reserve neural stem cell

Daniel B. Herrick et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2017)

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Article Biotechnology & Applied Microbiology

The human olfactory transcriptome

Tsviya Olender et al.

BMC GENOMICS (2016)

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Review Immunology

The role of BST-2/Tetherin in host protection and disease manifestation

Wadie D. Mahauad-Fernandez et al.

IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE (2016)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Toll-like receptor 10 is involved in induction of innate immune responses to influenza virus infection

Suki M. Y. Lee et al.

PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2014)

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Article Multidisciplinary Sciences

Tetherin is a key effector of the antiretroviral activity of type I interferon in vitro and in vivo

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PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (2011)

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Contribution of olfactory neural stem cells to tissue maintenance and regeneration

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Persistent post-COVID-19 smell loss is associated with immune cell infiltration and altered gene expression in olfactory epithelium

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