How pesticides affect neonates?- Exposure, health implications and determination of metabolites

This review covers key information related to the effects of pesticides on fetal and child health. All humans are exposed to environmental toxicants, however child's health, due to their high vulnerability, should be of special concern. They are continuously exposed to environmental xenobiotics including a wide variety of pesticides, and other pollutants. These compounds can enter the child's body through various routes, both during fetal life, in the first days of life with breast milk, as well as during environmental exposure in later years of life. Consequently, in the body, some of them are metabolized and excreted with urine or faces, while others accumulate in tissues causing toxic effects. This review will provide information on the types of pesticides, their pathways of uptake and metabolism in children's bod-ies. Determination of the impact of them on children's organism performance is possible through effective identifica-tion of these compounds and their metabolites in children's tissues and biofluids. Therefore, the main procedures for the determination of pesticides are reviewed and future trends in this field are indicated. We believe that this compre-hensive review can be a good starting place for the future readers interested in the impact of environmental xenobiotics on the health of children as well as the aspects relates with the analytical methods that can be used for analysis and monitoring of these pollutants in children's tissues and biofluids.

Automated summary

This review provides key information on the effects of pesticides on fetal and child health, with a focus on the high vulnerability of children. Children are continuously exposed to pesticides and other pollutants through various routes, which can accumulate in their bodies and cause toxic effects. Effective identification of these compounds in children's tissues and biofluids can determine their impact on children's organism performance.