Interactions between microbiome and underlying mechanisms in asthma

Microbiome primes host innate immunity in utero and play fundamental roles in the development, training, and function of the immune system throughout the life. Interplay between the microbiome and immune system maintains mucosal homeostasis, while alterations of microbial community dysregulate immune responses, leading to distinct phenotypic features of immune-mediated diseases including asthma. Microbial imbalance within the mucosal environments, including upper and lower airways, skin, and gut, has consistently been observed in asthma patients and linked to increased asthma exacerbations and severity. Microbiome research has increased to uncover hidden microbial members, function, and immunoregulatory effects of bacterial metabolites within the mucosa. This review provides an overview of environmental and genetic factors that modulate the composition and function of the microbiome, and the impacts of microbiome metabolites and skin microbiota on immune regulation in asthma.

Automated summary

Microbiome plays essential roles in the development, training, and function of the immune system throughout life, while dysregulation of microbial community can lead to immune-mediated diseases such as asthma. Imbalances in microbial composition within mucosal environments have been consistently observed in asthma patients and associated with increased exacerbations and severity. Microbiome research has revealed hidden microbial members, their functions, and immunoregulatory effects, providing insights into the modulation of the microbiome and its impacts on immune regulation in asthma.