☆ 4.7 Review

Cardiovascular CT, MRI, and PET/CT in 2021: Review of Key Articles

RADIOLOGY (2022)

Related references

Note: Only part of the references are listed.

Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Coronary CT Angiography with Photon-counting CT: First-In-Human Results

Salim A. Si-Mohamed et al.

Summary: The study compared the quality of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) scans obtained with a photon-counting CT (PCCT) system and an energy-integrating dual-layer CT (DLCT) system. The results showed that PCCT provided improved image quality and diagnostic confidence compared to DLCT.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Calcium Scoring at Coronary CT Angiography Using Deep Learning

Dan Mu et al.

Summary: This study developed a deep learning method to automatically quantify coronary artery calcium (CAC) scores from a single coronary CT angiography (CTA) scan. The results of the validation showed that the proposed method had excellent accuracy in quantifying CAC scores and risk categorization when compared to the semiautomatic Agatston scores at noncontrast CT.

RADIOLOGY (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical Impact of Hypoattenuating Leaflet Thickening After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Santiago Garcia et al.

Summary: This study found that hypoattenuated leaflet thickening (HALT) was present in 12% of patients who underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) and was independently associated with long-term mortality. The findings highlight the importance of systematic screening with functional cardiac computed tomography (CTA) in identifying HALT and its impact on clinical outcomes in TAVR patients.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS (2022)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Myocardial Infarction in the ISCHEMIA Trial Impact of Different Definitions on Incidence, Prognosis, and Treatment Comparisons

Bernard R. Chaitman et al.

Summary: The ISCHEMIA trial showed that an initial invasive strategy did not reduce cardiovascular events or all-cause mortality in patients with stable ischemic heart disease. Procedural MI rates were higher with the invasive strategy compared to conservative strategy, with the use of the secondary MI definition.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prognostic Value of Nonischemic Ringlike Left Ventricular Scar in Patients With Apparently Idiopathic Nonsustained Ventricular Arrhythmias

Daniele Muser et al.

Summary: The study showed that in patients with apparently idiopathic nonsustained ventricular arrhythmias, a specific phenotype of LV scar characterized by a ringlike pattern is associated with malignant arrhythmic events and higher prognostic risk.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Randomized Trial of Aspirin Versus Warfarin After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Low-Risk Patients

Toby Rogers et al.

Summary: In low-risk transcatheter aortic valve replacement patients, anticoagulation with warfarin may prevent transcatheter heart valve dysfunction in the short term without excess bleeding, as revealed by a randomized open-label study.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR INTERVENTIONS (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Next-Generation Hardware Advances in CT: Cardiac Applications

Alan C. Kwan et al.

Summary: Impending major hardware advances in cardiac CT include ultra-high-resolution (UHR) CT, photon-counting CT, and phase-contrast CT, which improve visualization and contrast resolution but may also introduce increased noise and radiation exposure.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Elevated Extracellular Volume Fraction and Reduced Global Longitudinal Strains in Participants Recovered from COVID-19 without Clinical Cardiac Findings

Xiaohu Li et al.

Summary: The study evaluated cardiac involvement in participants who had recovered from COVID-19 without clinical evidence of cardiac involvement, and found that some participants had subclinical myocardial abnormalities detectable months after recovery.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Pre-Treatment Myocardial 18FDG Uptake Predicts Response to Immunosuppression in Patients With Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Muthiah Subramanian et al.

Summary: This study identified predictors of clinical and echocardiographic response following immunosuppressive therapy in patients with cardiac sarcoidosis. Pre-treatment myocardial uptake was found to be a predictor of response to immunosuppression in these patients. The study highlighted the importance of left ventricular ejection fraction and myocardial uptake index in predicting treatment outcomes.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Characterization of Primary Mitral Regurgitation With Flail Leaflet and/or Wall-Impinging Flow

Seth Uretsky et al.

Summary: This study aimed to determine the association of flail leaflet and Coanda effect with the severity of MR quantified by CMR. While the presence of these factors on echocardiography are associated with higher regurgitant volumes and fractions, they are frequently not associated with severe MR as assessed by CMR.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2021 AHA/ACC/ASE/CHEST/SAEM/ SCCT/SCMR Guideline for the Evaluation and Diagnosis of Chest Pain: Executive Summary A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Joint Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines

Martha Gulati et al.

Summary: The executive summary of the clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and diagnosis of chest pain provides recommendations and algorithms for clinicians to assess and diagnose chest pain in adult patients. Recommendations are based on contemporary evidence, with a focus on risk stratification, diagnostic workup, cost-value considerations, and shared decision-making with patients.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Replacement Myocardial Fibrosis in Patients With Mitral Valve Prolapse Relation to Mitral Regurgitation, Ventricular Remodeling, and Arrhythmia

Anne-Laure Constant Dit Beaufils et al.

Summary: The study found that LV replacement myocardial fibrosis is common in patients with MVP, associated with mitral valve apparatus alteration, more dilated LV, MR grade, and ventricular arrhythmia, and independently associated with cardiovascular events. These findings suggest an MVP-related myocardial disease, with cardiac magnetic resonance providing additional information for MVP patients.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Patterns ofmyocardial injury in recovered troponin-positive COVID-19 patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Tushar Kotecha et al.

Summary: Troponin elevation is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, and recovered patients can exhibit myocarditis-like injury and ischemic heart disease, with possible ongoing localized inflammation. However, there is no evidence of diffuse fibrosis or edema in the remote myocardium.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Prognostic Value of Coronary CT Angiography in Patients With Non-ST-Segment Elevation Acute

Klaus F. Kofoed et al.

Summary: Coronary CTA is found to be equivalent to ICA in assessing long-term risk in patients with NSTEACS, with the rate of primary endpoint being up to 1.7-fold higher in patients with obstructive CAD compared to those with nonobstructive CAD as defined by both imaging modalities.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Outcomes 2 Years After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement in Patients at Low Surgical Risk

Martin B. Leon et al.

Summary: In low surgical risk patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis, the PARTNER 3 trial showed superiority of transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) over surgery for the primary endpoint at 1 year. However, at 2 years, differences in death and stroke between TAVR and surgery were no longer significant, and TAVR patients had an increased risk of valve thrombosis.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Coronary CT Angiography CAD-RADS versus Coronary Artery Calcium Score in Patients with Acute Chest Pain

Ji Won Lee et al.

Summary: The study assessed the prognostic value of CAD-RADS in CCTA for MACEs in patients with acute chest pain presenting to the emergency department. Results showed an association between CAD-RADS categories and high-risk plaques with MACEs, and CAD-RADS score improved risk stratification more than using clinical risk factors alone.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Incremental Prognostic Value of Coronary Artery Calcium Score for Predicting All-Cause Mortality after Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Matthias Eberhard et al.

Summary: The study found that coronary artery calcium score can independently predict 30-day and 1-year mortality in patients undergoing TAVR. Adding the CAC score to the EuroSCORE II provides additional prognostic value for 1-year mortality risk.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Myocarditis Following COVID-19 Vaccination

Alexander Isaak et al.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

CT Angiographic and Plaque Predictors of Functionally Significant Coronary Disease and Outcome Using Machine Learning

Seokhun Yang et al.

Summary: This study investigated the association of stenosis and plaque features with myocardial ischemia, identifying 6 relevant features related to low FFR that showed predictability for vessel-oriented composite outcomes over 5 years. These features provided incremental prognostic value over traditional measures like percent diameter stenosis and FFR.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: updated endpoint definitions for aortic valve clinical research

Philippe Genereux et al.

Summary: This document provides an update of appropriate clinical endpoint definitions for transcatheter and surgical aortic valve clinical research, aiming to ensure clinical relevance and accurate adjudication in the rapidly evolving field of less-invasive aortic valve therapies.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Randomized Trial of Interleukin-6 Receptor Inhibition in Patients With Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction

Kaspar Broch et al.

Summary: The study showed that tocilizumab, an interleukin-6 receptor inhibitor, increased myocardial salvage in patients with acute STEMI, reduced microvascular obstruction, but did not significantly decrease final infarct size.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Prevalence and Characterization of Subclinical Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque with CT among Individuals with HIV: Results from the Canadian HIV and Aging Cohort Study

Irina Boldeanu et al.

Summary: This study found that asymptomatic people living with HIV have a higher burden of noncalcified coronary plaque and a lower frequency of calcified plaque compared to healthy volunteers.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Association between Aortic Valve Calcification Progression and Coronary Atherosclerotic Plaque Volume Progression in the PARADIGM Registry

Sang-Eun Lee et al.

Summary: The progression of aortic valve calcification is associated with the progression of calcified plaque volume in coronary atherosclerosis, indicating a potential link between the two conditions.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Sex-Specific Computed Tomography Coronary Plaque Characterization and Risk of Myocardial Infarction

Michelle C. Williams et al.

Summary: This study explored the differences in coronary plaque assessments between men and women presenting with chest pain, finding that women have less atherosclerotic plaque burden and a lower risk of myocardial infarction compared to men. However, quantitative low-attenuation plaque was found to be a strong predictor of subsequent MI in both women and men.

JACC-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Outcomes in the ISCHEMIA Trial Based on Coronary Artery Disease and Ischemia Severity

Harmony R. Reynolds et al.

Summary: The ISCHEMIA trial found that the severity of ischemia was not associated with increased risk after adjustment for CAD severity. More severe CAD was related to increased risk. Invasive management did not lower all-cause mortality at 4 years in any ischemia or CAD subgroup.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Native Aortic Valve Disease Progression and Bioprosthetic Valve Degeneration in Patients With Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation

Jacek Kwiecinski et al.

Summary: The study aimed to assess the disease activity in native aortic valves and durability of bioprosthetic valves in patients who underwent TAVI, comparing them with those who had bioprosthetic SAVR. The findings suggest that TAVI patients show ongoing disease activity in their native aortic valves, but the durability of bioprosthetic valves in TAVI is similar to that in bioprosthetic SAVR in the midterm.

CIRCULATION (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment and management of stable chest pain: the FORECAST randomized trial

Nick Curzen et al.

Summary: In stable angina patients, a strategy of using CTCA with selective FFRCT did not show significant differences in cost or clinical outcomes compared to standard care pathways, but did lead to a reduction in the use of invasive coronary angiography.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Correction Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Localization of myocardial FDG uptake for prognostic risk stratification in corticosteroid-naive cardiac sarcoidosis (July, 2021, 10.1007/S12350-021-02684-W)

Munehisa Bekki et al.

JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Improved Risk Stratification for Ventricular Arrhythmias and Sudden Death in Patients With Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Andrea Di Marco et al.

Summary: In this study, delayed gadolinium enhancement (LGE) was found to be a significant, consistent, and strong predictor of ventricular arrhythmias (VA) or sudden death in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). A new clinical algorithm integrating LGE and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) significantly improved risk stratification, with relevant implications for implantable cardioverter-defibrillator allocation.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Clinical Risk Prediction in Patients With Left Ventricular Myocardial Noncompaction

Guillem Casas et al.

Summary: This study confirmed the association of LVNC with an increased risk of heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias, with left ventricular ejection fraction being the variable most strongly associated with MACE. Late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) confers additional risk in patients without severe systolic dysfunction. A risk prediction model was developed and validated in order to guide management.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Transthoracic Echocardiography: Beginner's Guide with Emphasis on Blind Spots as Identified with CT and MRI

Matthew D. Grant et al.

Summary: Transthoracic echocardiography is a primary imaging modality in cardiac imaging that allows for noninvasive assessment of heart morphology and physiology. Radiologists interpreting chest imaging studies should have a basic understanding of TTE to accurately compare images and aid in diagnosis or prevent misdiagnosis.

RADIOGRAPHICS (2021)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Cardiac MRI in Patients with Prolonged Cardiorespiratory Symptoms after Mild to Moderate COVID-19

Dmitrij Kravchenko et al.

Summary: This study explored the relationship between chronic COVID-19 syndrome (CCS) and myocardial injury and inflammation in previously healthy individuals. The results showed that individuals with CCS who did not require hospitalization for COVID-19 did not demonstrate signs of active myocardial injury or inflammation at cardiac MRI.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Editorial Material Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Myocarditis Associated with mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination

Jitka Starekova et al.

RADIOLOGY (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Multimodality imaging of myocardial viability: an expert consensus document from the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)

Ana G. Almeida et al.

Summary: Myocardial viability is defined as myocardium with maintained metabolic and electrical function in the presence of contractile dysfunction, which has the potential to improve upon revascularization or other therapy. Various pathophysiological conditions may explain this phenomenon. Cardiac imaging techniques can be used to identify myocardial viability and predict therapeutic response for treatment selection.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Valve Academic Research Consortium 3: updated endpoint definitions for aortic valve clinical research

Philippe Genereux et al.

Summary: VARC aims to identify appropriate clinical endpoints and standardize their definitions for aortic valve clinical trials, with ongoing refinements and expansions to ensure clinical relevance.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Patterns of myocardial injury in recovered troponin-positive COVID-19 patients assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance

Tushar Kotecha et al.

Summary: Troponin elevation is common in hospitalized COVID-19 patients, indicating potential myocardial injury. Using multi-parametric cardiovascular magnetic resonance, researchers found that recovered COVID-19 patients often exhibit myocarditis-like injury and ischemic damage. Interestingly, some patients showed signs of localized inflammation, while others had ischemic heart disease without prior history.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Fractional flow reserve derived from computed tomography coronary angiography in the assessment and management of stable chest pain: the FORECAST randomized trial

Nick Curzen et al.

Summary: The strategy of using CTCA with selective FFRCT in patients with stable angina did not show significant differences in costs or clinical outcomes compared to standard clinical care pathways, but did decrease the usage of invasive coronary angiography.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL (2021)

Add to Collection

Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Low-Attenuation Noncalcified Plaque on Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography Predicts Myocardial Infarction: Results From the Multicenter SCOT-HEART Trial (Scottish Computed Tomography of the HEART)

Michelle C. Williams et al.

CIRCULATION (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Bioprosthetic Aortic Valve Leaflet Thickening in the Evolut Low Risk Sub-Study

Philipp Blanke et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Initial Invasive or Conservative Strategy for Stable Coronary Disease

David J. Maron et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Subclinical Leaflet Thrombosis in Transcatheter and Surgical Bioprosthetic Valves PARTNER 3 Cardiac Computed Tomography Substudy

Raj R. Makkar et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Impact of Plaque Burden Versus Stenosis on Ischemic Events in Patients With Coronary Atherosclerosis

Martin Bodtker Mortensen et al.

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2020)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Balloon-Expandable Valve in Low-Risk Patients

M. J. Mack et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Medicine, General & Internal

Transcatheter Aortic-Valve Replacement with a Self-Expanding Valve in Low-Risk Patients

Jeffrey J. Popma et al.

NEW ENGLAND JOURNAL OF MEDICINE (2019)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

2017 AHA/ACC/HRS Guideline for Management of Patients With Ventricular Arrhythmias and the Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Executive Summary

JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY (2018)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

A joint procedural position statement on imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis: from the Cardiovascular and Inflammation & Infection Committees of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine, the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging, and the American Society of Nuclear Cardiology

Riemer H. J. A. Slart et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2017)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

Multi-vendor, multicentre comparison of contrast-enhanced SSFP and T2-STIR CMR for determining myocardium at risk in ST-elevation myocardial infarction

David Nordlund et al.

EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2016)

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Article Cardiac & Cardiovascular Systems

18F-Sodium Fluoride Uptake Is a Marker of Active Calcification and Disease Progression in Patients With Aortic Stenosis

Marc R. Dweck et al.

CIRCULATION-CARDIOVASCULAR IMAGING (2014)

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Review Medicine, Research & Experimental

Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: a neglected therapeutic target

Derek J. Hausenloy et al.

JOURNAL OF CLINICAL INVESTIGATION (2013)

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Review Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

Cardiac MR Imaging of Nonischemic Cardiomyopathies: Imaging Protocols and Spectra of Appearances

David H. O'Donnell et al.

RADIOLOGY (2012)

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Article Radiology, Nuclear Medicine & Medical Imaging

CT and MR Imaging of the Mitral Valve: Radiologic-Pathologic Correlation

Michael F. Morris et al.

RADIOGRAPHICS (2010)

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