Comparative study of phytochemical extraction using hydrogen-rich water and supercritical fluid extraction methods

Phytochemicals are widely found in agri-food wastes. The extraction of.phytochemicals was evaluated using hydrogen-rich water extraction (HRW-E) and supercritical fluid (sic)extraction (SFE) methods from different plant wastes (tomato peel, orange carrot, green (sic)apple (sic)peel, lemon peel, red cabbage). Total phenolic content (TPC), total (sic)flavonoid content (TFC), total anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS) were (sic)highest in HRW-E samples compared to SFE and pure water extraction for all plant wastes. The percent increase (%) ranged between 5.14 and 12.06 and 22.27-49.62 (TPC), 1.32-35.59 and (sic)16.01-(sic)53.03 (TFC), 18.18-53.19 and 80.53-390.1 (anthocyanins), 2.21-22.37 and 9.03-(sic)142.46(sic)(DPPH), and 1.16-7.49 and 14.47-28.05 (ABTS) for SFE and HRW-E samples, (sic)respectively. (sic)HRW-E was more potent than SFE for extraction of all phytochemical types from.all plant wastes. Non-flavonoids, e.g., phenolic acids (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, p(sic)coumaric acid, trans-ferulic acid(sic) and flavonoids (catechin, epicatechin, and rutin)(sic), were extracted (sic)better by HRW-E than (sic)SFE for different plant wastes. (sic)The HRW-E method is recommended to researchers and processors(sic) as an extraction method for phytochemicals due to its simplicity, low cost, not requiring additional equipment or (sic)energy source, non-toxic solvent use, green properties of the product and for the environment, as well as higher extraction (sic)efficiency.(sic)

Automated summary

Phytochemicals were extracted from various plant wastes using hydrogen-rich water extraction (HRW-E) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). HRW-E exhibited higher extraction efficiency and yielded greater amounts of total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant activity compared to SFE and pure water extraction.